Diabetic hyperlipidemia

As described in the previous section, bile acids have evolved over the last years from regulators of bile acid homeostasis to general metabolic integrators. It is therefore not too surprizing that a number of bile acid-activated signaling pathways have become attractive targets for the treatment of gallstones and other metabolic diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and atherosclerosis. 

Phytochemicals have little nutritional value and do not get absorbed in the body, but they seem to turn on certain switches in the biochemical mechanisms, which signal the beneficial pathways to maintain health, and to turn off the switches which proceed to adverse biochemical pathways. Rice bran products have demonstrated significant benefits as nutritional therapies in diabetes, hyperlipidemia, cancer, fatty liver, hypercalcuria and heart disease. There is experimental and clinical evidence for the beneficial health effects of the following bioactives of rice bran ... 

Ari pi prazole, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, and ziprasidone are effective as monotherapy or as add-on therapy to lithium or valproate for acute mania. Prophylactic use of antipsychotics can be needed for some patients with recurrent mania or mixed states, but the risks versus benefits must be weighed in view of long-term side effects (e.g., obesity, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hyperprolactinemia, cardiac disease, and tardive dyskinesia). 

Overdosage symptoms include moon face, central obesity, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, peptic ulcer, increased susceptibility to infection, electrolyte and fluid imbalance, psychosis, and hallucinations. 

Zyprexa) 3-4 days as tolerated to response (usual range 7.5-15 mg/day) diabetes, hyperlipidemia... 

In compensation for this abnormal situation, fat is preferentially used as a sole energy source in the body. The metabolic shift to lipid utilization leads to hypertriglyceridemia accompanied by elevation of free fatty acid in blood and, in very advanced stages by elevation of ketone bodies including acetoacetate and 3-hydroxy-butyrate in blood. Increased level of CoA and acyl CoA in the diabetic rat liver was reported by Smith et al. [1]. This seems to be a metabolic response to increased utilization of fatty acid in diabetic state and suggests increased requirement for CoA in diabetic tissues. It is, therefore, interesting to study the effect of some precursors of CoA on diabetic hyperlipidemia. The present paper deals with a favorable effect of pantethine on lipid metabolism in streptozotocin diabetic rats. Pantethine treatment has been found to reduce increased levels of serum triglycerides,... 

The present study revealed that pantethine treatment effectively reduced serum triglyceride, -hydroxybutyrate and free fatty acid in diabetic hyperlipidemia of the rats. As reported by Smith et al. 

However, the latter assumption can not be the only mechanism of action, because pantothenic acid did not exert so favorable effect on the diabetic hyperlipidemia as pantethine ( data not shown ). And some additional action of pantethine should be considered. This has been also supported by the present finding that pantethine did not stimulate COo formation from 1- C-palmitate in the absence of added CoA ( Figs.3 and 4 ). There may be several... 

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