Diabetes mellitus oral hypoglycemic agents

Amenorrhea, other menstrual irregularities, development of cushingoid state, suppression of growth in children, secondary adrenocortical and pituitary unresponsive (particularly in times of stress), decreased carbohydrate tolerance, manifestation of latent diabetes mellitus, increased requirements for insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents (in diabetics)... 

A 60-year-old male alcoholic treated for type 11 diabetes mellitus develops lactic acidosis. Which of the following oral hypoglycemic agents might cause this adverse effect ... 

The thiazides may induce hyperglycemia and aggravate pre-existing diabetes mellitus, the pharmacological effect of oral hypoglycemic agents may also be reduced. 

Kuzuya T, Iwamoto Y, Kosaka K, Takebe K, Yamanouchi T, Kasuga M, Kajinuma H, Akanuma Y, Yoshida S, Shigeta Y, et al. A pilot clinical trial of a new oral hypoglycemic agent, CS-045, in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1991 11(3) 147—53. 

The drug with the higher affinity constant will successfully displace the drug with the lower. The result is an increase in the free drug concentration of the latter. For example, tolbutamide (an oral hypoglycemic agent used in maturity-onset diabetes mellitus) is approximately 95 percent bound and 5 percent free (see Table 4.1). In the presence of the anti-inflammatory drug phenylbutazone (which is nearly 100 percent... 

Guevara-Aguirre J, Guevara M, Saavedra J, Modi P Beneficial Effects of Addition of Oral Spray Insulin (Oralin ) on Insulin Secretion and Metabolic Control in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Suboptimally Controlled on Oral Hypoglycemic Agents. Diabetes Technology Therapeutics 6 1 1-8, 2004. 

Tolazamide, a sulfonylurea oral hypoglycemic agent (100 mg p.o. daily with breakfast), is indicated as an adjunct to diet to lower blood glucose levels in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type II), and it is indicated as a medication for switching patients from insulin to oral therapy (see Table 1). 

A proprietary trade name for Isobuzole, an oral hypoglycemic agent for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Sankyo Co. Ltd... 

Ross SA, Zinman B, Campos RV, Stack T. A comparative study of insulin lispro and human regular insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and secondary failure of oral hypoglycemic agents. Clin Invest Med 2001 24(6) 292-298. 

Metabolism Prickly pear cactus is a popular food among Mexicans, Mexican-Ameri-cans, and Hispanics and is commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. The combination of prickly pear cactus with oral hypoglycemic agents, such as metformin and glipizide, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus may increase the risk of hypoglycemia because of additive blood glucose lowering effects [70" ]. 

In last year s chapter the current status of basic research in diabetes mellitus was reviewed and evaluated. The reason for taking that approach was that a great. eal more knowledge must be obtained about the biochemical aspects of diabetes before the disease can be prevented or satisfactorily treated. This reviewer feels that the relative advancements in most of the basic aspects of diabetes research are comparatively small during the course of a given year, so he chooses not to make this year s chapter simply a continuation of last year s. Instead, the present chapter is devoted to a discussion of the study of new oral hypoglycemic agents. 

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