Di-isoamyl ether

In the 1970s, improved or second-generation catalysts were developed. The essence of the improvement was that catalyst poisons AICI3 or AlEtCl2, which are cocrystallized with or absorbed onto the TiCls catalyst, were removed by using dialkyl ethers (especially di-n-butyl ether and di-isoamyl ether). 

Refinements to the Ziegler-Natta catalysts continued, with several attempts to convert brown >8-titanimn trichloride to the active purple y-titanium trichloride at a lower temperature. The objective of this work was an increase in the activity of the catalyst by avoiding the formation of the aluminium trichloride that was isomorphous with the y-titanium trichloride. High temperatures were normally required to reduce the aluminium chloride content, and this led to a reduction in the surface area, and hence, activity. In a development by Solvay, titanium tetrachloride was reduced with aluminum alkyl at about 1°C, before extraction of the co-ciystallized aluminum chloride with either dibutyl- or di-isoamyl ether. The porous -titanium trichloride was then heated with excess titanium tetrachloride at 65-100°C to remove excess ether and to produce high-surface-area (<75 m g ) purple a-titanium trichloride under controlled conditions. ... 

Isoamyl ether [diisopentyl ether, di-(l-butyl-3-methyl) ether] [544-01-4] M 158.3, b 173.4 , d 0.778, n 1.40850. This is a mixture of 2- and 3-methylbutyl ether. It is purified by refluxing with sodium for 5h, then distilled under reduced pressure, to remove alcohols. Isoamyl ether can also be dried with CaCl2 and fractionally distd from P2O5. 

Mercury di-isoamyl is insoluble in water, slightly in alcohol, but readily soluble in ether. It does not oxidise in air, but when dropj ed into chlorine it forms isoamyl mercuric chloride. In contact with solid iodine it reacts with a hissing sound, and the reaction with bromine is still more violent. An ethereal solution of mercury di-isoamyl treated first with alcoholic and then with solid iodine gives isoamyl mercuric iodide and isoamyl iodide. Treatment with an excess of mercuric chloride in alcohol yields isoamyl mercuric chloride. 

With sodium, sodium isoamyl is formed, but in ethereal solution in a stream of carbon dioxide, isobutyl acetic acid results. Mercury di-isoamyl heated with zinc in a sealed tube for thirty-six hours at 180° C. yields zinc di-isoamyl. The mercury compound and glacial acetic acid heated for sixteen hours at 200° C. give isopentane, metallic mercury, and amyl acetate. Treatment with thallic chloride gives isoamyl mercuric chloride and thallous chloride. ... 

Chloromercuri"2-isoamylthiophene is obtained in 75 per cent, yield after the reaction mixture has stood for four days. It crystallises from benzene in fine needles, M.pt. 171 5° to 172° C., readily soluble in cold acetone or warm ether, sparingly in other cold solvents. If treated with sodium iodide it yields mercury 5 5 -di-isoamyl-2 2 -dithienyl. 

Synonyms 1,3-Diisoamyloxy-2-propanol Glyceryl a,Y-diisoamyl ether 2-Propanol, 1,3-bis (isopentyloxy)- 2-Propanol, 1,3-bis (3-methylbutoxy)- 2-Propanol, 1,3-di (isopentyloxy)-Classification Glycol ether Empirical C13H28O3 Properties M.w. 232.22 Environmental ThOD 2.55 Uses Solvent Regulatory HAP Di isoamyl ketone CAS 2050-99-9... 

Isoamyl Ether di-Bu ether, 3,3-dimethyl 100 25 >30 6 Resistant -0.3-2 85-115 Solef Solvay Polymers Specimen Solef 1008, 1010 and 1012, 2 mm thick test pieces... 

AI3-00040, see Cyclohexanol AI3-00041, see Cyclohexanone AI3-00045, see Diacetone alcohol AI3-00046, see Isophorone AI3-00050, see 1,4-Dichlorobenzene AI3-00052, see Trichloroethylene AI3-00053, see 1,2-Dichlorobenzene AI3-00054, see Acrylonitrile AI3-00072, see Hydroquinone AI3-00075, see p-Chloro-rrr-cresol AI3-00078, see 2,4-Dichlorophenol AI3-00085, see 1-Naphthylamine AI3-00100, see Nitroethane AI3-00105, see Anthracene AI3-00109, see 2-Nitropropane AI3-00111, see Nitromethane AI3-00118, see ferf-Butylbenzene AI3-00119, see Butylbenzene AI3-00121, see sec-Butylbenzene AI3-00124, see 4-Aminobiphenyl AI3-00128, see Acenaphthene AI3-00134, see Pentachlorophenol AI3-00137, see 2-Methylphenol AI3-00140, see Benzidine AI3-00142, see 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol AI3-00150, see 4-Methylphenol AI3-00154, see 4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol AI3-00262, see Dimethyl phthalate AI3-00278, see Naphthalene AI3-00283, see Di-rj-butyl phthalate AI3-00327, see Acetonitrile AI3-00329, see Diethyl phthalate AI3-00399, see Tributyl phosphate AI3-00404, see Ethyl acetate AI3-00405, see 1-Butanol AI3-00406, see Butyl acetate AI3-00407, see Ethyl formate AI3-00408, see Methyl formate AI3-00409, see Methanol AI3-00520, see Tri-ocresyl phosphate AI3-00576, see Isoamyl acetate AI3-00633, see Hexachloroethane AI3-00635, see 4-Nitrobiphenyl AI3-00698, see IV-Nitrosodiphenylamine AI3-00710, see p-Phenylenediamine AI3-00749, see Phenyl ether AI3-00790, see Phenanthrene AI3-00808, see Benzene AI3-00867, see Chrysene AI3-00987, see Thiram AI3-01021, see 4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether AI3-01055, see 1.4-Dioxane AI3-01171, see Furfuryl alcohol AI3-01229, see 4-Methyl-2-pentanone AI3-01230, see 2-Heptanone AI3-01231, see Morpholine AI3-01236, see 2-Ethoxyethanol AI3-01238, see Acetone AI3-01239, see Nitrobenzene AI3-01240, see I idine AI3-01256, see Decahydronaphthalene AI3-01288, see ferf-Butyl alcohol AI3-01445, see Bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane AI3-01501, see 2,4-Toluene diisocyanate AI3-01506, see p,p -DDT AI3-01535, see 2,4-Dinitrophenol AI3-01537, see 2-Chloronaphthalene... 

There are numerous examples of the extraction of macrocomponents as chloride complexes in the analysis of various materials. The extraction of iron(III) from hydrochloric acid medium, prior to determination of trace elements, has been thoroughly investigated [64]. Macroquantities of gallium were extracted from 6-7 M hydrochloric acid with di(2-chloroethyl) ether [65,66], and gold(III) was extracted with isoamyl acetate [67]. 

Isoamyl acetate n-Amyl cyanide Benzene Benzyl ether 2 Bromoethyl acetate Chloroform Cinnamaldehyde Di-n amylarnine Di-n-butyl carbonate Diethvlacetic acid Diethylcnetnamme Diethyl formamide Diisobutyl ketone Diisopropvlamine Di-n-propvlamlme Ethyl alcohol Ethyl benzoate Ethyl ether Ethyl phenyUcetate Heptadecanol ... 

A particularly useful feature of the above-described synthesis for (7i ,85)-( + )-490 is the possibility of preparing the enantiomeric (75, 8/ )-( — )-disparlure (584) from 577 by simply reversing the order of alkyl group introduction. Treatment of the tosylate of 577 with di- -octyllithium cuprate in ether followed by boron trichloride demethylation provides the lactone 582. This is converted to 583, where the isoamyl group is introduced in the Wittig olefination step. Subsequent group transformations provide (7i5,8/ )-( —)-disparlure (584) (Scheme 129). Both (7i ,8 S)-( + )-490 and (7 S, 8/ )-( —)-584, prepared in quantities up to one gram, are 98% optically pure [185] (Scheme 129). 

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