Diisoamyl ether

TiCl catalysts produced by the reduction of TiCl with Al(C2H 2d> subsequentiy treated first with an electron donor (diisoamyl ether), then with TiCl, are highly stereospecific and four to five times more active than d-TiCl (6). These catalysts were a significant advance over the earlier TiCl systems, because removal of atactic polymer was no longer required. They are often referred to as second-generation catalysts. The life of many older slurry process faciUties has been extended by using these catalysts to produce "clean" polymers with very low catalyst residues. 

AlkoxyaLkyl hydroperoxides are more commonly called ether hydroperoxides. They form readily by the autoxidation of most ethers containing a-hydrogens, eg, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, di- -butyl ether, and diisoamyl ether (10,44). From certain ethers, eg, diethyl ether (in the following, R = H R = 35 — CH2CH2), the initially formed ether hydroperoxide can yield alcohol on standing, or with acid treatment... 

Diiodobutane has been prepared in 51% yield by the reaction of phosphorus, iodine, and tetrahydrofuran. It has also been prepared by the reaction of hydriodic acid with phenoxy-butyl iodide and with the diisoamyl ether of 1,4-butancdiol. ... 

It-yel pities, mp 177-78°. It was prepd by heating phenyl-(4-nitrophenyl)-dichloromethane with Ag azide in diisoamyl ether (Refs 1 St 4) lr(4mnitropbenyl)-5 phenyl tetrazole,... 

Modern modifications of classical ZN systems, represented by the Solvay catalyst, are based on / -TiCl3. TiCl4 is mixed with Et2AlCl at 274 K, the reduction temperature is slowly increased up to 338 K and maintained at this value for 1 h. From the mixed TiCl3. jAlCl3 crystals, A1C13 is washed out with diisoamyl ether in this process, fi — S recrystallization takes place, and >-TiCl3... 

Symmetrical aliphatic ethers (C -Ci,) are prepared by the removal of water from alcohols under acidic conditions. Thus, in the preparation of diisoamyl ether, the alcohol is heated with concentrated sulfuric acid or p-toluenesulfonyl chloride in a flask equipp>ed with a condenser and a water sep>arator. The top layer of alcohol and ether is returned to the reaction flask until water no longer separates. Any alcohol remaining in the ether is converted to the higher-boiling triisoamyl borate, and the ether is purified by fractional distillation. Several suitable water separators have been described. High reaction temperatures must be avoided to prevent the formation of unsaturated hydrocarbons (cf. method 19). 

In the presence of benzophenone as a sensitizer and under irradiation with ultraviolet light, a 46% yield of tetrahydrofuran a-hydroperoxide is obtained when oxygen is bubbled through tetrahydrofuran at 12 °C for 28.5 h. Dioxane, methyl butyl ether, diisopropyl ether, dibutyl ether, and diisoamyl ether, under similar conditions, give a-hydroperoxides in yields of 10, 15, 12, 6, and 8%, respectively, based on the reacted ethers [44]. 

LB, ethyl benzoate LBj, methyl methacrylate LB3, diisoamyl ether. 

Glyceryl a,y-diisoamyl ether is a water-white liquid which may contain small quantities af other amyl isomers. It is soluble in ethyl alcohol/ benzene, gasoline, carbon tetrachloride and linseed oil, but insoluble in water and glycerol < It is a solvent for ester gum and rosin and has use as a solvent and plasticizer. 

Synonyms 1,3-Diisoamyloxy-2-propanol Glyceryl a,Y-diisoamyl ether 2-Propanol, 1,3-bis (isopentyloxy)- 2-Propanol, 1,3-bis (3-methylbutoxy)- 2-Propanol, 1,3-di (isopentyloxy)-Classification Glycol ether Empirical C13H28O3 Properties M.w. 232.22 Environmental ThOD 2.55 Uses Solvent Regulatory HAP Di isoamyl ketone CAS 2050-99-9... 

Glyceryl a,Y-diisoamyl ether. See 1,3-Diisoamyl glycerol diether Glyceryl dilaurate... 

Ethers. PA films with high durability up to 100 MPa and 10 -10 S/cm conductivity (for usual and stretched films, respectively) were prepared in the presence of a thermally treated Ti(OBu)4-AlEt3 complex catalyst in ether. The preparation of a catalyst in ethers (BujO, diisoamyl ether) results in a decrease in the polymerization rate and higher PA durability and apparent density in contrast to cyclic ethers (tetrahydrofuran, dioxane). The dependence of the fibril diameter and content of cis-PA on the nature of the ether was established [29]. 

The treatment of the TiCls produced from the reaction between TiCU and A1(C2H5)2C1, first with the electron donor, diisoamyl ether, and then with TiCU, gave a highly stereospecific catalyst. This catalyst system was four to five times more active than 5-TiCls (183) and capable of producing a polsrmer with narrow particle size distribution. This system can be referred to as the second-generation catalyst (Table 9). However, the catalyst yield was still insufficient to reduce catalyst residues enough to eUminate the deashing step in the production process. 

D. Diisoamyl ether (satd. with water)-butanol (20 10)... 

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