Development STATs

Sheiner L, Wakefield J. Population modelling in drug development. Stat Methods Med Res 1999 8 183-93. 

PC3 Prostate Invasive (EMT) phenotype developed STAT/interferon, P13-kinase, AKT, and integrin signaling PI3-kinase inhibitors blocked invasive cell growth more effectively in 3-D (30)... 

Berding C, Kleider W, Gossl R. DoPE D-optimal planning experimentation,the tool for experimental design in research and development. Stat Software Newsletter 1996. 

Table 4 Specifically targeted antiviral therapy for hepatitis C (Stat-C) currently in clinical development...

Burman C-F, Hamren B, Olsson P. Modelling and simulation to improve decision-making in clinical development. Pharm Stat 2005 4(l) 47-58. 

Various computer software and programs have been developed and used to simplify the transformation, manipulation, and analysis of trial data, to speed up and increase the accuracy of reporting the trial s hndings. If data are collected in a format other than that required by the analysis software, the data must be transformed. There are several data conversion software packages that can be used to transform the collected data from the original format to the analysis format. Examples of these include DBMSCopy and Stat/ Transfer. 

The examples in this book focus primarily on the tools within SAS/GRAPH, SAS/STAT, and Base SAS, including the SAS macro language and PROC SQL. The examples were developed using SAS 9.1.3, but the vast majority of the examples will run with other versions of SAS as well. Please note that the data that drive the examples in this book are obtained through INPUT statements with DATALINES data. This is done only for illustrative purposes and does not mean that you should expect to obtain your clinical data in this fashion. 

Y. Inoue, Y. Chen, and H. Ohashi, Development of a simulation model for solid objects suspended in a fluctuating fluid, J. Stat. Phys. 107, 85 (2002). 

Cleveland, W.S. and McGill, R. (1984). Graphical perception Theory, experimentation, and application to the development of graphical methods. J. Amer. Stat. Assoc. 79 531-554. 

Commercial application of the dendrimer-based reagent technology has been demonstrated by the successful development of The Stratus CS STAT fluorometric analyzer [5] marketed by Dade Behring Inc. This rapid automated point of care immunoassay system provides quantitative analysis of whole blood or preprocessed plasma samples via unit use assay test packs. Up to four test packs can be introduced for each sample. All reagents [5-9] required for specimen analyses are contained within the test packs. 

Stengelin, M., Hudson, K., Bedzyk, W. D., Singh, P., Desai, V., LeBlanc, M., Berg, M., Murray, V. and Bauer, R. Development and performance of a high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein assay for the Stratus CS STAT fluorometric analyzer , Clin. Chem., 46, 26 (Abstract) (2000). 

Various devices can be used to determine the kinetics and rates of chemical weathering. In addition to the batch pH-stats, flow through columns, fluidized bed reactors and recirculating columns have been used (Schnoor, 1990). Fig. 5.15a illustrates the fluidized bed reactor pioneered by Chou and Wollast (1984) and further developed by Mast and Drever (1987). The principle is to achieve a steady state solute concentration in the reactor (unlike the batch pH-stat, where solute concentrations gradually build up). Recycle is necessary to achieve the flow rate to suspend the bed and to allow solute concentrations to build to a steady state. With the fluidized bed apparatus, Chou and Wollast (1984) could control the AI(III) concentration (which can inhibit the dissolution rate) to a low level at steady state by withdrawing sample at a high rate. 

Burchill MA, Yang J, Vogtenhuber C, Blazar BR, Farrar MA IL-2 receptor 3-dependent STATS activation is required for the development of Foxp3 + regulatory T cells. J Immunol 2007 178 280-290. 

In addition to automated analysers for general use, sophisticated single purpose instruments have been developed and marketed, chiefly for clinical analyses (for example Astra 4 and Astra 8 from Beckman for the determination of sodium and potassium in blood or Orion Space-Stat SS-20 or SS-30 for the determination of calcium in blood). 

Development of methods related to DFT that can treat this situation accurately is an active area of research where considerable progress is being made. Two representative examples of this kind of work are P. Rinke, A. Qteish, J. Neugebauer, and M. Scheffler, Exciting Prospects for Solids Exact Exchange Based Functional Meet Quasiparticle Energy Calculations, Phys. Stat. Sol. 245 (2008), 929, and J. Uddin, J. E. Peralta, and G. E. Scuseria, Density Functional Theory Study of Bulk Platinum Monoxide, Phys. Rev. B, 71 (2005), 155112. 

Nissinen A, Bothig S, Granroth H, Lopez AD. Hypertension in developing countries. World Health Stat Quart 1998 41 141-54. 

Senn S (1997) Statistical Issues in Drug Development Chichester. John WUey Sons, Ltd Senn S (2002) Cross-Over Trials in Clinical Research (2nd edn) Chichester John WUey Sons Senn S (2003) Disappointing dichotomies. Pharmaceutical Statistics, 2, 239-240 Sherman DG, Atkinson RP, Chippendale T et al (2000) Intravenous ancrod for treatment of acute ischemic stroke the STAT study a randomised controUed trial. Journal of the American Medical Association, 283, 2395-2403... 

Horvath, CM. and Darnell, J.E. The state of the STATs recent developments in the study of signal transduction to the nucleus (1997) Curr. Op. CeU Biol. 9, 233-239... 

Another method is to apply feedback control as in Figure 7.1, but to periodically interrupt the circuit for a brief moment so that the magnitude of iRu can be determined and a correction applied. Several variations of such a control system have been published, and one version is available as an accessory for a potentiostat. The outstanding feature of these approaches is that Ru does not have to be known and it can vary during an experiment with only minor decrease in control accuracy. In many situations, the brief interruption of the feedback loop is a small price to pay for such convenience. Microprocessors will foster further developments in this direction the advent of digital potentio-stats is imminent. 

The enzyme is routinely assayed by a modification of the Fiske and SubbaRow technique for measuring Pi production from PP (5). Cooper-man has developed a continuous automated pH-stat pyrophosphatase assay which is very convenient for repetitive analyses (0). Kinetic studies over a wide range of conditions require a more sensitive assay such as the production of 32Pi from 32PP, as used by Moe and Butler (9). 

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