Development research urgency

I have no doubt that reports of this type catalyzed the acceleration of our research activities. Happily, it also opened the coffers of government funds more widely. Other intelligence reports indicated that the Soviet Union was spending ten times as much as we were on the development of its chemical warfare capabilities. This fueled the sense of urgency regarding our efforts in the lab and strengthened the belief (mostly an illusion, as we learned later) that we had to go all out if we wanted to stay ahead of the Russians. As much as anything, this belief imparted a patriotic fervor to our efforts. 

Finally, it is to be mentioned that research activities in electrochemistry are becoming more and more interdisciplinary. This should lead in the near future to the identification of a number of still undefined factors, and to the clarification of aspects which are still obscure. However, for reasons already discussed in the introduction, and because of the delay in the development of a hydrogen economy (despite the urgency of replacing fossile fuels as stressed by everyday events), the possible options offered by research are at present far more numerous than the solutions which have already found technological application. 

The individual project teams are the cells of the merger . They come up with ways of building effective operations that create value, as well as insuring that various areas such as research and development are aligned with the new organiza-tioris vision. Project teams should consist of two to six staff members, the exact number depending on the complexity and urgency of the project. Each project team leader should ideally be the future head of the division in question. 

The United States is in a research and development race, particularly with the Soviet Union, whether it be for peaceful or military purposes. The study by this committee of CBR reinforces our general view of the urgency of the over-all race and the necessity of full public understanding and support of science and technology everywhere in our nation. 

After supporting analysis tools have been applied and desired capabilities have been identified, the acquisition community is in a position to propose solutions and develop specifications for those solutions. To be effective, this process should incorporate realistic red-teaming and deliberation between the user and S T communities so that the process considers both innovation and technical feasibility - the art of the possible and the art of the probable (see Chapter 5, Maintaining a Connection to the End User ). Depending on the urgency, difficulty, and capability base, decisions should be made about the degree of specification needed before a research-development-acquisition (R-D-A) process begins. Specifications should consider whether or not 100% survivability is needed or possible. 

A year after the untimely death of Carothers, in 1937, I joined the Basic Science Research Laboratory of the University of Cincinnati for a period of two years. With the outbreak of World War II and the urgency of research and development on synthetic rubber, supply of which was imperiled, I returned to industry, first at the Esso (now Exxon) Laboratories of the Standard Oil Development Company (l9liO U3) and later at the Research Laboratory of the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company (l9 3-U8). Provision of opportunities for continuation of basic research by these two industrial laboratories to the limit that the severe pressures of the times would allow, and their liberal policies on publication, permitted continuation of the beginnings of a scientific career which might otherwise have been stifled by the exigencies of those difficult years. 

The Special Projects Division was to develop measures for defense and retaliation against BW, to produce or procure the necessary material, to collect and evaluate intelligence on enemy activity, to maintain liaison with other military and civilian organizations concerned with biological warfare here and abroad, to prepare training publications and conduct instruction in biological warfare, and to supply technical advice to the armed forces. " The division had an immense task and had to do the work hurriedly because of the urgency of the problem as understood at that time. Construction, research, and instruction were necessarily simultaneous operations at all installations of the Special Projects Division. 

Publications of last years testify to synthesis urgency biologically active materials with properties of antioxidants [1-4], In development of the delded direction perspective are synthesis and researches of properties esters 2-(N-acetylamid)-3-(3 ,5 -di-tert.butyl-4 -hydroxyphenyl)-propi-onic acid. Properties of esters 2-(N-acetylamid)-3-(3 ,5 -di-tert.butyl-4 -hydroxyphenyl)-propionic acid which antioxidant properties on a series of parameters are elose to properties 4-methyl-2,6-di-tert.butylphenol was earher investigated (an inhibition constant = 2.10 Lmol s ). Presence in a moleeule of esters 2-(N-acetylamid)-3-(3 ,5 -di-tert.butyl-4 -hydroxyphenyl)-propionic acid acetylamid group leads to change of anti-oxidative properties, and on value of a constant of inhibition come nearer to efficacy coimatural antioxidant - tocopherol (k. IO l.mol-l.s ) [5]. 

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