Detonation high order

It could be extruded to any desired length thru orifices of various sizes and shapes, and could be detonated high order (rate of deton 7423m/sec) with a US Army Corps of Engineers Special Blasting Cap when in ribbon form l/4,r thick, 3/4" to 1 wide, and in lengths well over 50 ... 

Ednafive is a castable HE composed of EDNA 50 8c Fivonite (Tetramethylolcyclo-pentanone Tettanitrate) 50 + 1% catechol. Its power is 130% TNT by Ballistic Mortar Test and brisance by PDT (Plate Dent Test) is 111% of TNT. In the Bullet Impact Test of 15 1-inch pipe nipples, 9 samples were not affected and 6 partially exploded. A 60/40 Ednafive mixt in the same latter test of 13 nipples showed 5 samples not affected, 7 exploding and 1 detonating high order in a welded can the test of 5 samples showed 5 partially exploding... 

The diameters are given in millimeters. A gelled aqueous slurry of 30 percent HMX will detonate high order. At 25 percent HMX concentration detonation would be partially propagated and at 20 percent concentration the detonation would not propagate. Settled slurries propagate high order detonation at and above 10 percent HMX concentration. At the five percent level, the settled slurry will detonate about one third of the time. 

PA. Rifle bullet impact in welded cans gave 4/4 high order detonations. Thermal stability at 135°, acid in 15—30 minutes at 82.2° heat test, 10 minutes at 82.2°. This material and its homologs from other aliphatic nitro compounds and aldehydes have been suggested as substitutes for NG... 

Power. About 135% of TNT in BalMort Test about 160% of TNT in Trauzl Lead Block Test Rifle Bullet Test. High order detonations Thermal Stability. 9 to 30 minutes in 82.2°... 

As shown in Fig 4, the stab detonator is a small, sensitive component which is capable of reliably initiating high-order detonation in the next HE element in the expl train. It differs from the primer in that its output will initiate reliably secondary HE charges... 

Both the Pb disc test and the steel dent test are of particular significance to stab detonators. As a matter of illustration, the steel dent test (Ref 10) consists of firing a detonator in direct end-on contact with a steel block. The depth of the dent produced is a measure of output. The depth, or better, the volume of the dent correlates well with initiation effectiveness. The low-rate detonation, which crushes nearly as much sand as high-order detonation, makes no dent in a steel plate. It has been demonstrated that the depth of the dent is proportionate to the excess of pressure over the yield strength of the steel of the dent block, integrated over the volume of the detonation head. It has been found that a detonator of 0.190-inch diameter or larger, which produces a dent 0.010 of an inch deep in a mild steel block, will initiate a lead of Tetryl or RDX under favorable conditions. Specification requirements for detonators to be used in fuses are usually at least 0.015 to 0.020 inch in depth, and many produce dents up to 0.060 inch deep... 

Since good priming often means the difference between a successful shot and a misfire, or between a low order and a high order detonation, a brief summary of the precautions to take and the pitfalls to avoid might be useful before proceeding to actual improvisations. 

Repair and Reuse After Explosion. Although the risk of a high order detonation of a munition during disassembly is low, this hazard does exist. In the event of such an incident, it is a design requirement for the containment rooms to suffer only minimal damage and allow rapid refurbishment. To assure this capability, the containment room structural design criteria are more conservative than Department of Defense Explosive Safety Criteria would normally require. This is considered appropriate since vapor containment is so critical in this facility. 

For the initial PA-DBX 1 sample, only 4 of 10 detonators met the specifications of dent depth greater than 0.01 . Other detonators would initiate but would not go high order (e.g. the RDX output charge did not appear to detonate). This could be attributed to a density problem or a run up distance issue. 

Bockward Wave Propagation. Accdg to Cook (Ref 2), this is a wave propagating in both directions from the plane of initiation, each as high-order detonation. It was first observed in 1954 in the laboratory of Cook,... 

Detonation High-, Low-, and Intermediate Order, Velocities of. It has been known since the end of the last century that some liquid expls (such as NG or NGc) and some gelatinous expls (such as Gelatin Dynamites) are capable of detonating at either low (1000-2000 m/sec) or high velocity (up to 8000 m/sec), depending on method of initiation. More recently it was found that the same phenomenon can occur, under certain conditions, with crystalline secondary, or even primary, expls... 

In TNT pellets the initial Type II low-order detonation does not lead immediately to the final high order but to an intermediate level, of almost normal rate but of very low shock luminosity. A luminous strip due to the collision of the shock waves of two low-ordet detonations in TNT is observed in the simple dark space in some still photographs. Initiation at slightly below the limit, in all of the expls studied, produces low-order detons that fade after traversing-a short distance and the wave fronts show a strong shock effect. In TNT pellets the intermediate-order may also fade... 

These may approximate respectively the "low-order" and the high-order" detonation. The conditions in the first determination, small sample size and low loading density, favor the low-order process, to which TNT is particularly susceptible in any event... 

To achieve high-order detonation in secondary explosives, it has always been necessary to allow much longer delays in order to let the low-order process initially started "jump to high order [Compare with Detonation (and Explosionjby Influence] Note 2 In a review of 23 papers on initiation, ignition, and growth of reaction presented at the 4thONRSympDeton bv G.P. 

Detonation, Intermediate Order Velocities of. See under Detonation, High-, Low-, and Intermediate Order Velocities of... 

Cook (Ref 15) also reported that the shock transmitted thru a barrier into a transparent liq expl, appeared (from the partial opacity of the liq behind the shock front) to initiate some reaction at once. The high-velocity deton appeared, on the other hand, to start as a much more intense luminosity at one or more centers randomly distributed within the reacting liq. Often an intense flame is observed to flash across the region just traversed by the shock wave, at a velocity far above the normal deton vel, and upon reaching the shock front to start a high-order deton (See also Ref 17, p 13b)... 

A steady high-order velocity of detonation reaches its lowest value at critical diam and is known as critical detonation velocity. Below the critical diam value of charge there is either failure or so-called "low-regime of detonation which usually does not proceed at steady state... 

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