Determination of Blood Alcohols

Alcohols are used as organic solvents, cleaning agents, and starting materials for the production of esters, ethanol being also a recreational beverage. [Pg.196]

Methanol occurs in high concentrations in brandy and other drinks (distillates from fermented fruit). It is metabolized to formaldehyde and then formic acid, which, because it is eliminated slowly, can lead to severe acidosis (acidic products of metabolism). [Pg.196]

Ethanol is determined to assess ability to drive a vehicle, and it must also be monitored in patients undergoing methadone substitution therapy or who are addicted to medicaments, as alcohol can intensify the effects of such medicaments. Table 10-7 lists the parameters used in the analysis, and Fig. 10-8 shows a chromatogram obtained using these conditions. [Pg.197]

Amount of sample (ethanol) 500 pi serum or EDTA-plasma and 500 pi water [Pg.197]

Zedeck, Morris S. A Review and Analysis of the Use of the 2100 1 Blood-Breath Ratio for Determination of Blood Alcohol Concentration Scientific and Legal Issues. Expert and Scientific Evidence 3 (1996) 269-294. [Pg.137]

Caballeria, J. First-pass metabolism of ethanol its role as determinant of blood alcohol levels after drinking. Hepato-Gastroenterol. 1992 39 62-66... [Pg.538]

Only in relatively few instances can a biologic sample be injected directly into a gas chromatograph. Ordinarily, some preliminary purification must be accomplished. Depending on the compound to be analyzed, the purification procedure may be simple or rigorous. Analysis of steroids requires multiple extractions with solvents, but some methods for the determination of blood alcohol allow direct injection of whole blood into the gas chromatograph. The sample preparation depends on the number of compounds in the unknown, their concentrations, the presence of interfering substances, and the column material used. [Pg.196]

This involves the detection of foreign substances in the blood and is a major field in forensic science, forensic toxicology. It includes analysis for different medicinal toxins, narcotics, etc. The determination of blood alcohol concentrations takes on particular importance due to road traffic regulations and the social repercussions of alcohol intoxication. [Pg.1630]

Following ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and infrared (IR) spectroscopy, gas chromatography (GC) was one of the first instrumental techniques to help in solving forensic science problems. The early very successful applications included the determination of blood alcohol by direct injection of blood or serum, and the detection and identification of petroleum products in debris from arson cases in 1958/59. The breakthrough of GC in these areas and in drug analysis was an event of the 1960s and the 1970s. [Pg.1945]

The Determination of Blood Alcohol by Gas Chromatography 9th Pittsburgh Conf. on Anal. Chem. [Pg.128]

Methods for the Automatic Gas Chromatographic Determination of Blood Alcohol Concentrations Blutalkohol 12(3) 204-210 (1975) CA 86 151085h Review... [Pg.138]

Routine Determination of Blood Alcohol Concentration with the Gas Chromatograph... [Pg.162]

Gas Chromatographic Determination of Blood Alcohol. Analysis of the Vapor Phase... [Pg.162]

Saito, M., Chiba, S., and Isahai, I. Determination of Blood Alcohol... [Pg.219]

Blood and urine are most often analyzed for alcohol by headspace gas chromatography (qv) using an internal standard, eg, 1-propanol. Assays are straightforward and lend themselves to automation (see Automated instrumentation). Urine samples are collected as a voided specimen, ie, subjects must void their bladders, wait about 20 minutes, and then provide the urine sample. Voided urine samples provide the most accurate deterrnination of blood alcohol concentrations. Voided urine alcohol concentrations are divided by a factor of 1.3 to determine the equivalent blood alcohol concentration. The 1.3 value is used because urine has approximately one-third more water in it than blood and, at equiUbrium, there is about one-third more alcohol in the urine as in the blood. [Pg.486]

Pyrethroid insecticides are rapidly metabolized to their inactive acids and alcohol components, which are excreted primarily in urine. A small portion of the absorbed compounds is excreted unchanged. Occupational exposure to pyrethroid insecticides can be assessed by measuring intact compounds or their metabolites in urine. Biological indicators of internal dose in exposed subjects are reported in Table 7. Due to their rapid metabolism, determination of blood concentrations can only be used to reveal recent high-level exposures. [Pg.12]

Besides his fundamental research in the carbohydrate field, the functions of Courtois as the head of a hospital laboratory for many years led him to publish a number of papers dealing with clinical chemistry, among which may be cited determination of ethyl alcohol, proteins, acidic phosphatases, and trehalase in blood determination of the basic groups of proteins by phytic acid study of the phytosoluble glycoproteins in biological fluids and identification and determination of scyllitol in urine. Under the aegis of the International Pharmaceutical Federation, he participated in the standardization of the methods proposed for the assay of such enzymes as cellulases and hemicellulases. [Pg.16]

Statutory laws for driving under the influence of alcohol were originally based on the concentration of ethanol in venous whole blood. Because the collection of blood is invasive and requires intervention by medical personnel, the determination of alcohol in expired air has long been the mainstay of evidential alcohol measurements.There is also growing clinical interest m the determination of breath alcohol at the point-of-care. The fundamental principle for use of breath analysis is that alcohol in capillary alveolar blood rapidly equilibrates with alveolar air in a ratio... [Pg.1303]

P4. Parker, K. D., Fontan, C. R., Yee, J. L., luid Kirk, P. L., Gas chromatographic determination of ethyl alcohol in blood for medicolegal purposes. Separation of other volatiles from blood or aqueous solution. Anal. Chem. 34, 1234-1236 (1962). [Pg.305]

Lundquist, Frank, The Determination of Ethyl Alcohol in Blood... [Pg.359]

Clinical samples of urine, blood, expired air, and tissue have been examined using headspace sampling approaches. Thus, chlorinated organic compounds, methanol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and phenols have been determined in urine. Volatile substances in urine have also been used as a guide to acute poisoning, and the determination of stimulants in urine has been proposed as screening test for field use. The determination of the concentration of blood alcohol is the most well-known application of headspace techniques to biological samples. Blood has also been examined for cyanide, methyl sulfide, and formaldehyde levels, the last as a measure of methanol intoxication. The headspace approach for blood samples overcomes the difficulties associated with the alternative direct injection of two-phase samples. [Pg.2049]

An internal quality control sample of blood, used for checking the accuracy of blood alcohol determinations, contains 80.0 mg 100 ml of ethanol. Successive daily measurements of the alcohol level in the sample were made using four replicates. The precision (process capability) of the method was known to be 0.6 mg 100 ml. The following results were obtained ... [Pg.105]

Toxic Volatiles in Alcoholic Coma. Simultaneous Determination of Blood Methanol, Ethanol, Isopropanol, Acetaldehyde, and Acetone by Gas Chromatography... [Pg.14]

Simultaneous Determination of Lower Alcohols, Acetone and Aldehyde in Blood by Gas Chromatography J. Chromatogr. Sci. 7(5) 312-314 (1969) CA 71 79260g... [Pg.14]

Reaction Gas Chromatography for the Analysis of Alcohols and the Determination of the Alcohol Content of Blood... [Pg.66]

Quantitative Gas Chromatographic Determination of Ethyl Alcohol in Small Amounts of Blood and Other Biological Fluids... [Pg.142]

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