Detergent determination

ISO 4317 1991, Surface active agents and detergents Determination of water content—Karl Fischer method. 

Sirisattha S., Y. Momose, E. Kitagawa, and H. Iwahashi (2004). Toxicity of anionic detergents determined by Saccharomyces cerevisiae microarray analysis. Water Research 38 61-70. 

Magnesium sulfate anhydrous detergent determination Benzidine dihydrochloride detergent industry Cumene sulfonic acid detergent ingredient... 

ISO 2271 1989 (E) Surface active agents—Detergents— Determination of anion-active... 

ISO 2870 1986 (E) Surface active agents—Detergents—Determination of anionic-active matter hydrolyzable and non-hydrolyzable under acid conditions. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva. 

ISO 2871-1 1988 Surface active agents—Detergents— Determination of cationic active matter content— Part 1 High-molecular-mass cationic-active matter. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva. 

International Organization for Standardization, Surface active agents—detergents—determination of anionic-active matter by manual or mechanical direct two-phase titration procedure, ISO 2271 1989. Geneva, Switzerland. 

The surface-active agents (surfactants) responsible for wetting, flotation and detergency exhibit rather special and interesting properties characteristic of what are called association colloids or, in the older literature, colloidal electrolytes. These properties play an important role in determining, at least indirectly, the detergency of a given surfactant and are therefore considered here... 

Amphoteric Detergents. These surfactants, also known as ampholytics, have both cationic and anionic charged groups ki thek composition. The cationic groups are usually amino or quaternary forms while the anionic sites consist of carboxylates, sulfates, or sulfonates. Amphoterics have compatibihty with anionics, nonionics, and cationics. The pH of the surfactant solution determines the charge exhibited by the amphoteric under alkaline conditions it behaves anionically while ki an acidic condition it has a cationic behavior. Most amphoterics are derivatives of imidazoline or betaine. Sodium lauroamphoacetate [68647-44-9] has been recommended for use ki non-eye stinging shampoos (12). Combkiations of amphoterics with cationics have provided the basis for conditioning shampoos (13). 

The quahty of sulfonic acids produced as iatermediates on an iadustrial scale is important to detergent manufacturers. Parameters such as color, water, free oil (unsulfonated material), and acid value (actual sulfonic acid) are all factors that determine the quaUty of a sulfonic acid. The quaUty of the feedstock prior to sulfonation, such as iodine value, water content, and sulfonatabiUty, affects the quaUty of the sulfonic acid produced. Sulfonation conditions, such as temperature, molar ratio, rate, etc, also affect the quaUty of sulfonic acid. 

An unknown commercial detergent may contain some combination of anionic, nonionic, cationic, and possibly amphoteric surfactants, inorganic builders and fillers as weU as some minor additives. In general, the analytical scheme iacludes separation of nonsurfactant and inorganic components from the total mixture, classification of the surfactants, separation of iadividual surfactants, and quantitative determination (131). 

The system of anionic surfactants is another example of organic compounds mixtures. The procedure of their determination is proposed using coordinate pH in two-dimensional spectra of ionic associates anionic surfactants with rhodamine 6G. This procedure was tested on the analysis of surfactant waters and domestic detergents. 

Cg pH-sensitive film had a dynamic range from 6 to 8 and Cg-film responded at higher pH values (8-10).The membranes showed good reproducibility, reversibility and a short response time (<10 s). They also can be used for at least 3 months without any considerable absolution deviations. These sensors can be used for direct determination of pH in drinking water detergent and dishwasher liquid that have good agreement with pH meter data. 

Spectrophotometric methods may often be applied directly to the solvent extract utilising the absorption of the extracted species in the ultraviolet or visible region. A typical example is the extraction and determination of nickel as dimethylglyoximate in chloroform by measuring the absorption of the complex at 366 nm. Direct measurement of absorbance may also be made with appropriate ion association complexes, e.g. the ferroin anionic detergent system, but improved results can sometimes be obtained by developing a chelate complex after extraction. An example is the extraction of uranyl nitrate from nitric acid into tributyl phosphate and the subsequent addition of dibenzoylmethane to the solvent to form a soluble coloured chelate. 

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