Surface active agent, detergent

Up to now only limited kinetic data and thus rate models (and even mechanistic details) of aqueous phase operation are available. Thus, in many cases only estimates and experimentally found data are at the disposal for reaction engineers work (e.g.[25]). The state of the art of the hydroformylation of higher alkenes (>C -) comprises additions of supplementary solvents/diluents or extraction fluids, surface-active agents (detergents), intensity and mode of stirring ([22b], power of agitation (cf. Figure 5.5) operation in... 

The value of a depends on the amount of surface-active agents (detergents) in the wastewater. Typically, the value is relatively close to 1, about 0.95. It is... 

Molecules possessing distinct hydrophobic (water-repelling) and hydrophilic (water-attracting) regions. The terms surface-active agents , detergents , and amphiphiles are often used synonymously with the term surfactants . 

OCH NCH CH. A five-membered heterocyclic compound valuable for its derivatives. The dihydro forms, 2- and 4-oxazoline, are the parents of increasingly useful commercial compounds, e.g., surface-active agents, detergents, etc. 2-oxazoline is... 

Surface-active agent. (surfactant). Any compound that reduces surface tension when dissolved in water or water solutions, or that reduces interfacial tension between two liquids, or between a liquid and a solid. There are three categories of surface-active agents detergents, wetting agents, and emulsifiers all use the same basic chemical mechanism and differ chiefly in the nature of the surfaces involved. 

Bromat . [Zeeland] Cetrimonium bromide cationic surface active agent, deterge antiseptic laboratoty reagent germicide. 

Water samples for determining phosphate may not be filled in bottles which have been rinsed with cleansing agents containing phosphate. The same applies to water samples to determine surface-active agents (detergents). 

ISO 2271 1989 (E) Surface active agents—Detergents— Determination of anion-active... 

ISO 2869 1973 (E) Surface active agents—Detergents— Anionic-active matter hydrolyzable under alkaline conditions— Determination of hydrolyzable and non-hydrolyzable anionic-active matter. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva. 

ISO 2271 1989 Surface active agents—Detergents— Determination of anionic-active matter by manual or mechanical direct two-phase titration procedure. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva. 

ISO 2871-2 1990 Surface active agents— Detergents— Determination of cationic-active matter content—Part 2 Cationic-active matter of low molecular mass (between 200 and 500). International Organization for Standardization, Geneva. 

Emulsification. When crude oil spills at sea, it emulsifies rapidly. Two kinds of emulsions are formed - oil-in-water and water-in-oil. Oil-in-water emulsions, in which water is the continuous phase, readily disperse, removing oil from the spill. However, this kind of emulsion requires the presence of surface-active agents (detergents). 

Surface-active agents (detergents) Cause loss of structural organisation of cellular membranes... 

Emul sion spinning is used only for those fiber-forming polymers that are insoluble. Polymer is mixed with a surface-active agent (detergent) and possibly a solvent and then mixed at high speeds with water to form an emulsion of the polymer. The polymer is passed through the spinneret and into a coagulating bath to form the fiber. 

International Organization for Standardization, Surface active agents—detergents—determination of cationic-active matter content— Part 1 High-molecular-mass cationic-active matter, ISO 2871-1 1988. Geneva, Switzerland. 

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