Detergent alkylates sulfonation

Table 9. Comparative Summary of Various Batch and Continuous Detergent Alkylate Sulfonation Processes using H2SO45 Oleum, and Gaseous SO,...

Conoco operated a stirred tank Pfaudler glass-lined reactor for the batch SO sulfonation of detergent alkylate. The plant utilized over-the-fence SO converter gas (8% SO ia dry air) having h batch cycles (264). AHied Chemical Company provided details for batch SO sulfonation (265,266)... 

Detergents. The most widely used surfactant in synthetic detergents is the readily biodegradable linear alkyl sulfonate (LAS). Since the... 

About 2% of benzene consumed in 1988 was used for the manufacture of straight-chain or branched-chain detergent alkylate. Linear alkane sulfonates (LAS) are widely used as household and laundry detergents. 

Typical properties of detergent alkylate are shown in Table 10-2. Detergent manufacturers buy linear alkylbenzene, sulfonate it with SO3, and then neutralize it with NaOH to produce linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LABS), the active ingredient in detergents ... 

Ion-pairing reagents are detergent-like molecules added to the mobile phase to provide additional retention or selectivity for the analytes with opposite charge. Long-chain alkyl sulfonates are commonly used for the separation of water-soluble basic analytes as shown in Figure 16 in the analysis of water-soluble vitamins (WSV). Hexanesulfonate binds with... 

Not all sulfur trioxide is converted to sulfuric acid. Although the normal liquid range of SO3 is narrow (17-45°C), it is produced as the liquid for use in the sulfonation of some aromatic organic compounds. The vapor in an airstream is used to produce alkyl sulfonates for use as detergents. 

Conoco operated a stirred tank Pfaudler glass-lined reactor for the batch S03 sulfonation of detergent alkylate. The plant utilized over-the-fence S03 converter gas (8% S03 in dry air) having 6-8 h batch cycles (264). Allied Chemical Company provided details for batch S03 sulfonation (265,266) and Conoco also published their procedure for S03 batch sulfonation (267). Andrew Jergens Company patented a cyclic batch sulfonation and sulfation process introducing nondiluted S03 vapors into a venturi contacter that emitted reaction product into a stirred reservoir tank where it was recycled from the reservoir vessel through a heat exchanger and back to the venturi in the cyclic loop. The unit operated in a vacuum (268). Derived color quality was unspecified. 

The detergent properties of the alkyl sulfonates approach those of the alkyl aryl sulfonates, but the commercial processing problems have placed these materials at an economic disadvantage. 

Sulfonation of the detergent alkylate gives exclusively the 4-dodecy I benzene-sulfonic acids, which with sodium hydroxide form water-soluble dodecylben-zenesulfonates ... 

The major uses of linear alkylbenzenes are in the manufacture of linear alkyl sulfonates that are used for manufacture of household detergents and industrial cleaners. 

A surfactant molecule is an amphiphile, which means it has a hydrophilic (water-soluble) moiety and a hydrophobic (water-insoluble) moiety separable by a mathematical surface. The hydrophobic tails of the most common surfactants are hydrocarbons. Fluorocarbon and perfluorocarbon tails are, however, not unusual. Because of the hydrophobic tail, a surfactant resists forming a molecular solution in water. The molecules will tend to migrate to any water-vapor interface available or, at sufficiently high concentration, the surfactant molecules will spontaneously aggregate into association colloids, i.e., into micelles or liquid crystals. Because of the hydrophilic head, a surfactant (with a hydrocarbon tail) will behave similarly when placed in oil or when put in solution with oil and water mixtures. Some common surfactants are sodium or potassium salts of long-chained fatty acids (soaps), sodium ethyl sulfates and sulfonates (detergents), alkyl polyethoxy alcohols, alkyl ammonium halides, and lecithins or phospholipids. 

The process selected for the manufacture of the nonbiodegradable detergent is essentially continuous even though the alkylation, sulfonation, and neutralization steps are semicontinuous steps. Provisions for possible shutdowns for repairs and maintenance are incorporated into the design of the process by... 

See alkyl sulfonate linear molecule detergent sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate. 

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