Desquamation abnormality

Other abnormalities, such as atonia or desquamation, should be noted and recorded. 

Acne vulgaris affects the pilosebaceous units to the skin, leading to their eventual blockade and development of acne lesions. Abnormal desquamation, defective keratinisation, blockade of the follicular orifice and collection and colonization of sebum lead to proliferation of Propionibacterium acnes. 

Rehfeld, S.J., et al. 1988. Calorimetric and electron spin resonance examination of lipid phase transitions in human stratum corneum Molecular basis for normal cohesion and abnormal desquamation in recessive X-linked ichthyosis. J Invest Dermatol 91 499. 

The main dose-limiting toxicity of all anthracyclines is myelosuppression, with neutropenia more commonly observed than thrombocytopenia. In some cases, mucositis is dose-limiting. Two forms of cardiotoxicity are observed. The acute form occurs within the first 2-3 days and presents as arrhythmias or conduction abnormalities, other electrocardiographic changes, pericarditis, and myocarditis. This form is usually transient and is asymptomatic in most cases. The chronic form results in a dose-dependent, dilated cardiomyopathy associated with heart failure. The chronic cardiac toxicity appears to result from increased production of free radicals within the myocardium. This effect is rarely seen at total doxorubicin dosages below 500-550 mg/m2. Use of lower weekly doses or continuous infusions of doxorubicin appear to reduce the incidence of cardiac toxicity. In addition, treatment with the iron-chelating agent dexrazoxane (ICRF-187) is currently approved to prevent or reduce anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity in women with metastatic breast cancer who have received a total cumulative dose of doxorubicin of 300 mg/m2. All anthracyclines can produce "radiation recall reaction," with erythema and desquamation of the skin observed at sites of prior radiation therapy. 

Recently, low humidity has been shown to stimulate epidermal DNA synthesis and to amplify the hyperproliferative response to barrier disruption.30,31 SC morphology was also influenced by a dry environment,32 and abnormal desquamation was observed under low humidity.33 These results suggest that this model system, that is, dry skin induced by dry environment, is also an important model for clinical research of skin diseases associated with skin surface dryness. 

As described previously, one can induce dry, scaly skin, which shows features very similar to dermatitis such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Use of this experimentally induced dry skin should enable the discovery of a new clinical methodology to cure or care for skin problems. Recently, several excellent in vitro skin models have been reported. Although they are also very useful models for the study of cutaneous metabolism, their function and microstructure are still different from those of intact skin. On the other hand, the mechanisms underlying abnormal desquamation, that is, scaling in the dry skin such as atopic dermatitis, are not completely known. Sato et al. reported55 the inhibition of protease in the SC induced scale without affecting epidermal mitosis. This result seems to be no direct relationship between skin surface appearance and epidermal proliferation. However, decline of SC barrier function induced epidermal hyperplasia, as described earlier.30 The loss of water content from SC also induced epidermal DNA synthesis.30 Further mechanistic studies on each of the dry skin features are required. 

Menon, G.K., Ghadially, R., Williams, M.L. et al. Lamellar bodies as delivery systems of hydrolytic enzymes implications for normal and abnormal desquamation. Br. J. Dermatol. 1992, 126 337-45. 

Amenorrhea, abnormal uterine bleeding, produdion of secretory endometrium and desquamation... 

It may be that the defect in the plasma membrane phospholipids presumably produced by the EFA deficiency is similar to an abnormality produced by the displacement of linoleic and arachidonic acids by the excess phytanic acid in Refsum s syndrome and that there is a special relationship between the plasma membrane and cell division. The normal rate of cell production in dominant ichthyosis that we have found is in agreement with previous workers and the scaliness in these patients is an optical and sensory effect from the abnormal type of desquamation in these patients rather than an increase in scale production. We believe that the hyperkeratotic type of lamellar ichthyosis is special in that there is a normal or low rate of cell production in contradistinction to the erythrodermatous types. 

The major types of ichthyotic disorders may reflect a disorder of desquamation or keratinization. There is a loss of plasticity of the horny layer and this results in Assuring of the skin surface. So far no striking abnormalities have been... 

The sebosuppressive effect of retinoids is being increasingly used for treatment of severe acne. Introduced in 1979, isotretinoin (13-c/5-retinoic acid) remains a major advance in the therapy of acne conglobata and acne nodulocystica [66]. Oral isotretinoin is the only substance that cures acne while oral antibiotics and other treatments have only moderate, temporary effects [38, 71]. Isotretinoin influences the basic pathogenic factors for acne. It directly suppresses the sebum production and decreases the abnormal desquamation of the sebaceous follicle. This drug has also been shown to diminish the proliferation of Propionibacterium acnes and to improve inflammatory acne lesions. Other systemic retinoids such as natural all-Zran -retinoic... 

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