Design knowledge

Example 2.3 A Latent Error Due to Lack of Design Knowledge (Kletz, 1994b)... 

Develop practical test program to demonstrate components ability to meet structural and performance criteria. Extent of such test program, if any, depends on economic value of component, number of units to be produced, consequences of failure, accuracy of structural analysis and design, margins of safety used in design, knowledge about service loads and environments, and difficulty of duplicating service loads and conditions in test... 

To solve a problem in reactor design, knowledge of the reaction mechanism may not be critical to success but it is always desirable. Two reasons are ... 

There is the possibility of carry-over effects. This is more crucial in Latin square and other cross-over designs. Knowledge of pharmacokinetics and metabolism of a compound under study generally helps in avoiding this problem. 

Carufhers, J.M., Lauterbach, J.A., Thomson, K.T., Venkatasubramanian, V., Snively, C.M., Bhan, A., Katare, S. and Oskarsdottir, G. (2003) Catalyst design knowledge extraction from high-throughput experimentation. J. Catal., 216, 98. 

To reduce the likelihood of competitive inhibitors, one should run the assays with high concentrations of substrates relative to Km levels. To favor competitive inhibitors, one should run the assay below the Km values for the substrates. Thus, for making suitable conclusions for assay design, knowledge of the kinetic and binding constants of receptors and enzymes, such as Kd, kCM, Km, Bmax, is useful. Stoichiometric information, such as the number of enzyme molecules per assay, may also be useful because it can serve as a guideline to ensure that the assays are maximally sensitive to the mechanism of action one wants to discover. Problems in assay development often occur when the conditions required for sensitivity to the desired mechanism of action do not yield the best conditions for statistical reproducibility therefore, compromises and balances of these two opposing factors must be often made. 

EXpert system for POlymer Design. Knowledge-based system to use structure-property relationships for more than 2000 polymers to predict physical properties. Sun, HP, and Sony. 

Change single codon ( ) and homologous recombination (rational design, knowledge supported)... 

There are three main classes of methods applicable to product design experimental design, knowledge-based methods, and computer-aided molecular design. 

Not only the different logical and concrete architectures, but also the transformations leading from one architecture to another contain important design knowledge. Both, the original design decisions as well as the how and why of later modifications are necessary to understand a system s structure and to facilitate reuse. An explicit transformation step, for example, offers a convenient place to document differences between the logical and the concrete levels. 

II) Design Knowledge-base design to requirements check... 

All Impacted Internal/External Entities informed Reengineering Teams Formed Trained or Experienced in TEAM Environment Trained or Experienced in Process Design Knowledge of CurrentTechnological Capabilities Plan for Handling Documentation vs. Analysis Project Planned Scope Duration Resources Implementation Customer Voice... 

Lu Qiaochu Du Hui. 2010. System design knowledge map-based Learning Content Management System. Silicon Valley 35(08) 57. 

Centre for Engineering Education (CEE). (2013a). UTM-PNU-PENS international cross-cultural service design knowledge trareAer. Engineering Education Updates, 2013(1), 1-2. 

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