Firm process design

Detailed (Quotation) estimates, accuracy 5-10 per cent, which are used for project cost control and estimates for fixed price contracts. These are based on the completed (or near complete) process design, firm quotations for equipment, and a detailed breakdown and estimation of the construction cost. 

Many specialists in SRVs and systems agree that as a practical matter, conventional PHA methods are not always the most effective tools for evaluating pressure relief systems. They also conclude that the pressure relief system design process could be improved. Working closely with a lot of the design firms, I concluded that they merely try to comply with the codes at a minimum cost and care very little about LCC (life cycle cost) of the components. This puts pressure later on the end users maintenance departments usually, these employees have little or no input in the selection of design components whose problems ultimately end up in their laps. In my opinion, it is recommended that, in order to reduce this deficiency rate, the industry should adopt a more equipment-based approach to pressure relief system design and maintenance... 

When the detailed-estimate design indicates that the proposed project should be a commercial success, the final step before developing construction plans for the plant is the preparation of a firm process design. Complete specifications are presented for all components of the plant, and accurate costs based on quoted prices are obtained. The firm process design includes blueprints and sufficient information to permit immediate development of the final plans for constructing the plant. 

Financing costs, 196, 207-208, 211 Finishing in equipment fabrication, 449 Fiimed-tube heat-exchanger costs, 616 Fire and explosion hazards, 55-59 Firm process design, 14, 18 Fittings ... 

Designing a process to maximize energy recovery requires a fundamental understanding of the system thermodynamics. Unfortunately most commercial firms consider their processes highly proprietary and tend to treat the thermodyanmics as a kind of "black magic. As a result there is little or no technical data available. 

Example 2.2 If we consider that the Delos business consists of 10 firms each operating with a 30,000-liter reactor, 10 firms each operating with a 40,000-liter reactor, and 10 firms each operating with a 50,000-liter reactor, a supply curve can be generated using the simple reactor design and process economic parame-... 

Development of the design is a function of process definition. Once the process is clearly identified, the API manufacturer and/or the design firm can complete the in-depth analysis of existing assets and new assets to progress the design for the project. 

As previously discussed, the preliminary scope defines the major components of the API facility. The scope will have identified key processing steps, all associated equipment, and any facility requirements. The preliminary scope will be a key document in communicating to outside design firms the intent of the facility(s) and the overall process intent of the project. The API manufacturer must then decide how they want to manage critical steps of the design, construction, validation, and start-up process. 

The P IDs will identify the major equipment components to be modified or procured for the new process. It will outline the new equipment and associated controls required to run the process. The API manufacturer may have preferred suppliers of this equipment because of operability or maintenance issues. Most of the vessel and component suppliers in the industry are capable of supplying cGMP compliant equipment. The design firm or the API manufacturer will specify the equipment to include the necessary appurtenances to make the equipment cleanable. 

The design firm normally generates procurement specifications. These specifications will include definition of all major components such as materials of construction, agitator requirements, nozzles, etc. Major equipment for API processing is similar to fine chemical production and can include reactors, centrifuges, condensers, heat exchangers, distillation columns, extractors, absorption equipment, chromatography equipment, dryers, blenders, crystallizers, mills, etc. These components wiU normally require validation [installation... 

Determine whether hazards exist that were not identified in the design review process, or by the vendor or design engineering firm, which need attention... 

John Parry did his usual superb job of editing the manuscript and, to meet a tight production schedule, finished in about half the time it would have taken a merely competent editor. As a bonus, he threw in many useful su estions on the final production process. The design firm of Mantle Overall Communications created the book s handsome design and layout, infusing the project with their usual combination of creative flair and good sense. 

DESIGN FIRM S RESPONSE TO A FAILURE This exercise seeks to increase your and your team s awareness of the need for a timely and thoughtful response to the failure of an engineered structure, facility, system, product, or process. Suggested tasks are ... 

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