Derris plant

Chemicals have been used to kill or control pests for centuries. The Chinese used arsenic to control insects, the early Romans used common salt to control weeds and sulfur to control insects. In the 1800s pyrethrin (i.e., compounds present in the flowers of the chrysanthemum, Pyrethrum cineraefolium) was found to have insecticidal properties. The roots of certain Derris plant species, (D. elliptica and Lonchocarpus spp.) were used by the Chinese and by South American natives as a fish poison. The active ingredient, rotenone, was isolated in 1895 and used for insect control. Another material... 

Amytal and rotenone inhibit electron Uansport at complex I. Rotenone is a natural pesticide extracted from the derris plant and so is popular with organic gardeners, with some justification as it is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract in humans and is therefore relatively harmless. However, it is rapidly absorbed through the gUls of fish and so is notoriously toxic to them. Chronic exposure to rotenone in humans reproduces Parkinson s disease. 

ROTENONE is prepared from extracts of the root of the Derris plant Historically, rotenone was used to treat arrowheads used for fishing. 

Rotenone is a complex flavonoid found in the plant Derris ellyptica. It acts by inhibiting electron transport in the mitochondrion. Derris powder is an insecticidal preparation made from the plant, which is highly toxic to hsh. 

J. T. Martin, The Problem of the Evaluation of Rotenone-Containing Plants. VI. The Toxicity of 1-Elliptone and of Poisons Applied Jointly, with Further Observations on the Rotenone Equivalent Method of Assessing the Toxicity of Derris Root, Ann. Appl. Biol. (1942), 29 69-81. 

What to do Pick off larvae and adults. Clear plant debris where beetles may overwinter. Pesticide Derris. 

What to do Outdoors, crops can withstand a light infestation. Water plants well during dry spells. Remove and destroy crop debris after harvest Pesticides Rapeseed oil, derris. 

In 1976, 1-deoxynojirimycin (2) was discovered as a natural product in a Moms species and coined moranoline.26 Incidentally, in the same year, a novel type of alkaloid was found in the liana plant, Derris elliptica, a native of Borneo but widespread in the tropics, and it was identified as 2,5-dideoxy-2,5-imino-D-mannitol (7, Scheme 3), also known as DMDP (2,5-dihydroxymethyl-3,4-dihy droxypyrrolidine).27... 

Other natural products in the group are built up by ring fusions of several types of ring systems. They include the garden insecticide rotenone (sometimes sold in the crude form as derris powder, the pulverized bark of the plant Derris elliptica). 

Rotenone thus provides an excellent biodegradable insecticide, and is used as such either in pure or powdered plant form. Roots of Derris elliptica or Lonchocarpus species are rich sources of rotenone. 

Rotenone is the toxic principle of several tropical and subtropical plants, the chief of which is derris. It is a complex organic heterocyclic compound and rotenone derivatives are stomach and contact poisons. 

Insect control is restricted to natural insecticides derived from plant extracts, such as pyrethrum or derris. Biological controls such as Bacillus thuringiensis and predator... 

The use of plant extracts to treat sickness or control pests dates back at least two millennia in the records of ancient China, Egypt, and Greece.1 These were crude extracts of unknown activity. In the nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries, through advances in chemistry, these became better defined plant extracts such as derris, pyrethrum or... 

Although this natural substance is present in a number of plants, the sonrce of most rotenone nsed in the United States is the dried derris root imported from Central and South America. It is formulated as dusts, powders, and sprays (less than 5% active ingredient) for use in gardens and on food crops. Many prodncts contain piperonyl butoxide as synergist, and other pesticides are inclnded in some commercial products. Rotenone degrades rapidly in the enviromnent. Emulsions of rotenone are applied to lakes and ponds to kill fish. 

Derr is or rotenone is a poisonous alkaloid that has long been used by indigenous peoples of Southeast Asia as arrow and fish poisons. Rotenone is now used widely as a rodenticide to kill small mammals and as an insecticide to kill pest insects. This chemical is mostly extracted from the plants Derris elliptica and D. malaccensis. 

Kotenone occurs naturally in more than 65 species of plants however, most commercial supplies come from Peruvian cube, Malaysian derris. or Brazilian tembo plants. When... 

Rotenone (derris) is obtained from the roots of plants such as Derris and Lonchocarpus, and was used to paralyse fish before being developed into an insecticide. Human poisoning is rare, and it has been used to treat head lice and other ectoparasites. 

Derris. An insecticide of plant origin. Can be used as a fish poison. Oral nausea and vomiting. Chronic exposure liver and kidney damage. Massive exposure respiratory paralysis and death. By inhalation intense respiratory stimulation and then depression, convulsions, death. Inhibits mitochondrial electron transport. 

France-Lanord C, Derry LA (1994) Delta C-13 of organic-carbon in the bengal fan-somce evolution and transport of C3 and C4 plant carbon to marine-sediments. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 58 4809-4814 Francey RJ, Steele LP, Langenfelds RL, Allison CE, Cooper LN, Dtmse BE, Bell BG, Mtrrray TD, Tail HS, Thompson L, Masarie KA (1998) Atmospheric carbon dioxide and its stable isotope ratios, methane, carbon monoxide, nitrous oxide and hydrogen from Shetland Isles. Atmospheric Environ 32 3331-3338... 

Since 2500 BC, farmers have used pesticides to prevent damage to their crops. The first known pesticide was elemental sulfur, used to dust crops in Sumeria about 4500 years ago. By the fifteenth century, pesticides containing arsenic, mercury, and lead were being applied to crops. In the seventeenth century, nicotine was extracted from tobacco leaves as nicotine sulfate for use as an insecticide. In the nineteenth century, two more natural pesticides were introduced pyrethrum (extracted from chrysanthemums) and rotenone (extracted from the roots and stems of several tropical and subtropical plant species of the genus Lonchocarpus or Derris) [Miller (21A46)]. 

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