Depression hopelessness

The sadness in this disorder is often described as a depressed, hopeless, discouraged, down in the dumps, blah, or empty. This sadness may be denied at first. Many complain of bodily aches and pains, rather than admitting to their true feelings of sadness. 

Depression, hopelessness, despair, and no desire of patient to live... 

Depression/hopelessness habilit/ to oope/helplessness Sadness... 

Depression occurring as part of bipolar disorder may be severe and accompanied by ideas of guilt and hopelessness, an inability to function at work because of poor concentration and psychomotor retardation or agitation, poor judgement and suicidal ideation. The lifelong risk of suicide in people with this condition is as high as 15%. Factors associated with suicide risk include alcohol misuse, marital separation or divorce, living alone and unemployment, and these are all common secondary consequences of the illness. 

Differentiating between depression and dementia can be difficult, so symptoms of depression should be documented for several weeks prior to initiating therapy for the treatment of depression with AD. Citalopram and sertraline are recommended as first-line agents because of their efficacy in placebo-controlled trials.49 Indications for the use of antidepressants include depression characterized by poor appetite, insomnia, hopelessness, anhedonia, withdrawal, suicidal thoughts, and agitation. 

Assess for the safety of others and potential for violence. If accompanied by friends or family with whom the patient is living, ask them to remove from the home all guns, caustic chemicals, medications, and objects the person might use to harm self or others. Risk factors for suicide include severity of depression, feelings of hopelessness, comorbid personality disorder, and a history of a previous suicide attempt.19... 

In short, depression is depressing. John Teasdale, a leading researcher on depression at Oxford and Cambridge universities, labelled this phenomenon depression about depression and claimed that effective treatments for depression work - at least in part - by altering the sense of hopelessness that comes from being depressed about one s own depression.3... 

The symptom most highly correlated with suicidal behavior in depression is hopelessness. 

Antidepressants Citalopram 10 10-20 Depression poor appetite insomnia, hopelessness, anhedonia, with-... 

Emotional symptoms may include diminished ability to experience pleasure, loss of interest in usual activities, sadness, pessimistic outlook, crying spells, hopelessness, anxiety (present in almost 90% of depressed outpatients), feelings of guilt, and psychotic features (e.g., auditory hallucinations, delusions). 

Abramson, L., Metalsky, G. I., Alloy, L. B. (1989). Hopelessness depression A theory-based subtype of depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 96, 358— 372. 

Whisman, M. A., Pinto, A. (1997). Hopelessness depression in depressed inpatient adolescents. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 21, 345-358. 

Depression. A class of mood disorders that feature low energy, sadness, hopelessness, and sometimes suicidal behavior. 

Sustaining hope can seem impossible to those suffering from depression, given that hopelessness is among the defining characteristics of the condition. At its worst, depression is so encompassing that each moment feels end-... 

In patients receiving antidepressants for acute major depression, the initial therapeutic response is often delayed by several weeks. Patients with severe anxiety or insomnia may benefit from the concurrent, time-limited use of a benzodiazepine or short-acting hypnotic (Chapter 3). A patient may initially experience a return of energy and motivation while still having feelings of hopelessness and excessive guilt. Such patients may be at an increased risk for suicide because a return of energy in an extremely dysphoric individual may provide the impetus and means for an act of self-destruction. 

This third edition essentially retains the structure of the second edition but its contents have been revised, with considerable changes in some parts. Thus, account is taken of the fact that a new generation of antidepressants has been available for some years, that concepts of the mechanisms of neuroleptic action have altered several times and have led to products with new mechanisms of action, and that therapeutic advances have even been recorded in a field that was only recently considered to be hopeless, namely Alzheimer s disease. New methodological developments, especially in the use of imaging techniques in psychiatry, and changes in opinions on the best possible use of psychopharmaceuticals and their duration of use in schizophrenia and depression have been suitably taken into account. 

Dysthymia represents a chronic but less severe form of depression. Depressed mood and partial neurovegetative symptoms are typically present for sustained periods (e.g., years). The major differences between this condition and MDD are the duration of the mood disorder, the absence of feelings of low self-esteem, worthlessness, and hopelessness, and the absence of a full neurovegetative syndrome. 

Beck et al. (38) reported that hopelessness in the context of major depression was the MDD symptom most often associated with suicide. This finding was replicated by Fawcett et al. (39), who found that hopelessness with anhedonia, mood cycling within an episode, loss of mood reactivity, and psychotic delusions were high-risk factors for a subsequent suicide. Soloff and associates ( 40) also found that hopelessness and impulse aggression independently increased the risk of suicidal behavior in patients with borderline personality disorder and in patients with major depression. Negative life events (e.g., the death of a loved one or humiliating events such as financial ruin) often precede suicide. 

However, the patient s subjective sense of depression, anhedonia, and hopelessness may not improve until the fourth to sixth week of treatment, often prompting them to pressure the physician to prematurely abandon a potentially successful antidepressant trial. 

If depression occurs, it is usually a transitory phenomenon, requiring sensitivity and supportive interventions to help work through this phase of the dying process (375). Indeed, feelings of loss, loneliness, hopelessness, anxiety, grieving, and spiritual distress are at times more intense than the physical symptoms, and social withdrawal is a natural occurrence as the active phase of dying begins (375, 376). 

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