Deposit control, additives

Detergents/deposit control additives Help prevent deposit buildup on fuel system parts such as carburetors, fuel injectors, intake valves, valve seats, and valve guides some additives will remove existing deposits... 

WATER-INITIATED EMULSIFICATION OF FUEL DETERGENTS AND DEPOSIT CONTROL ADDITIVES... 

The addition of detergents and deposit control additives to fuels is a common practice today. Gasoline and diesel fuel may often contain significant levels of compounds formulated to prevent deposit formation on and within fuel intake system components. 

Deposit control additives or detergents are added to diesel fuel to help prevent the formation and accumulation of deposits on fuel injection system parts. Detergents provide the following performance function in the diesel engine ... 

Deposit Control Additives—remove and prevent deposits throughout fuel injectors, carburetors, intake ports and valves, and intake manifold... 

Belgard. [Ciba-Geigy] Scale and deposit control additive. 

Uses Deposit control additive, scale inhibitor in mfg. of paper/paperboard in contact with aq./fatty foods antisealant for oil field prod., water injection applies. calcium carbonate inhibitor in industrial water systems Regulatory FDA 21CFR 176.170 Trade Name Synonyms Bellasol S26 [BioLab... 

Uses Dispersing polymer for industrial water treatment, boiler water treatment deposit control additive, sludge dispersant antisealant Trade Name Synonyms Versa-TL 3 [Alco http //www.aicochemicai.com]-, Versa-TL 4 [Alco http //www.aicochemicai.com], Versa-TL 7 t[Alco http //www.aicochemicai.com]... 

Papachristos, M.J., Williams, D., Vincent, M.W., and Raath, A. 1995. Deposit Control Additive Effects on CCD Formation Engine Performance and Emissions. SAE Paper No. 952444. 

Uses Deposit control additive, sludge dispersant. Iron oxide dispersant for Industrial boiler water treatment... 

Airstream neutralization of acid aerosols by NH3 present in the airway-lumen reduces the health risk associated with acid particles by reducing the acid concentration prior to particle deposition.- In addition, the liquid lining of the respiratory tract probably acts as a chemical buffer," further reducing the health hazard posed by inspired acid particles. Principal factors controlling airstream neutralization of acid aerosols, which is considered to be a diffusion-limited process, are particle surface area, and particle... 

Deposit control is important because porous deposits, under the influence of heat flux, can induce the development of high concentrations of boiler water solutes far above their normally beneficial bulk values with correspondingly increased corrosion rates. This becomes an increasingly important feature with increase in boiler saturation temperature. In addition, deposits can cause overheating owing to loss of heat transfer. Finally, carryover of boiler water solutes, which can be either mechanical or chemical, can lead to consequential corrosion in the circuit, either on-load or off-load. Material so transported can result in corrosion reactions far from its point of origin, with costly penalties. It is therefore preferably dealt with by a policy of prevention rather than cure. 

The drawback is that the precipitation chemistry results in suspended solids that must be fluidized and removed from the boiler by BD, so a polymeric sludge conditioner (dispersant, deposit control agent) product and additional BD is required. The higher the FW hardness, the more BD is required because of the buildup of suspended solids, so there is a trade-off in terms of operating with lower quality FW and the resulting reduced efficiency. 

The examples given were typical of the response to low concentrations of numerous chemical species observed for many electrolytic systems. The problem of deposit control is difficult enough because of the strong influence of these minor constituents, but it is complicated even further due to interactions among the various ions and additives in the electrolyte. 

Interim Reqnirements for Deposit Control Gasoline Additives Reid Vapor Pressnre Limitation Oxygenated Fnel Reqnirement Lead Phaseout Reformulated Gasoline Low-Sulfur Diesel Permits... 

Polymeric amines in deposit Indicates the presence of dispersant compounds gasoline detergents and IVD control additives fuel stabilizers... 

In addition, modem chemical polymer treatments tend to have wider applications than before, so, for example, many deposit control agents are also antifoulants as well as antiscalents, which only serves to confuse the issue. 

Although the thickness of spun-coated films may be controlled by the concentration of the polymer in the solution, the spinning rate, and the spin-coating temperature, it is difficult to fabricate thick films and the thickness obviously cannot be monitored during deposition. In addition, no combinatorial fabrication methods have been developed for spun- coated PLEDs (see above). 

Additives that increase the deposition overpotential at a given current density, for instance, by altering the Tafel constants, can be considered deposit-leveling additives. Since additives are typically present in very small concentrations, their transport to the electrode is nearly always under diffusion control and sensitive to flow variations. 

The application of NN in product design concentrates on a few classes of materials. The fuel additives have been used as combustion modifiers, antioxidants, inhibitors of corrosion, deposit controllers, etc. The authors have proposed a hybrid approach combining modeling and NN. The results obtained from modeling have been introduced into the net and compared with the experimental results. Such an approach enabled the tuning of the model allowing for the prediction of the build-up of the deposit as a function of the composition of the additives. 

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