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Degradative mechanisms

Studying modem approaches for such schemes, one can see that knowledge of operational conditions and potential degradation mechanisms play a prominent role. Surprisingly, the role of NDT is often limited to tlie use of conventional methods such as ultrasonic wall thickness measurements, ultrasonic inspection, radiography, and last but not least visual inspection. [Pg.949]

However, it is expected that this situation will change, since a number of novel "non-invasive NDT techniques are now becoming available. With some of these techniques, the time required for a shutdown can be reduced. Other techniques make it possible to perform inspections whilst the installation is in full service. It is obvious that the availability of such techniques could support the knowledge already available on operational parameters and degradation mechanisms, in order to base shutdown intervals on actual plant condition. [Pg.949]

In plant maintenance, the availability of quantitative and non-invasive screening NDT methods will reduce the time needed for shutdowns and increase the intervals between them. Modem NDT methods will become just as important a tool for Risk Based Inspection approaches and maintenance planning as operational parameters and degradation mechanisms already are. [Pg.951]

J. E. Rabek, Polymer Degradation Mechanisms and Experimental Methods, Chapman and HaU, London, 1995, pp. 296—306. [Pg.242]

Poly(lactide-coglycolide). Mixtures of lactide and glycolide monomers have been copolymerised in an effort to extend the range of polymer properties and rates of in vivo absorption. Poly(lactide- (9-glycolide) polymers undergo a simple hydrolysis degradation mechanism, which is sensitive to both pH and the presence of ensymes (32). [Pg.191]

Additionally, organotin mercaptides can act as antioxidants, as they can sequester free-radical degradation mechanisms (48). The one drawback of mercaptide-based tin stabilizers is the discoloration of the sulfur after exposure to uv-radiation. Special precautions or formulations need to be developed for outdoor apphcations. [Pg.6]

Fig. 3. Mechanisms for polymer degradation. The illustration is a schematic representation of three degradation mechanisms I, cleavage of cross-links II, hydrolysis, ionisa tion, or protonation of pendent groups III, backbone cleavage. Actual biodegradation may be a combination of these mechanisms. Fig. 3. Mechanisms for polymer degradation. The illustration is a schematic representation of three degradation mechanisms I, cleavage of cross-links II, hydrolysis, ionisa tion, or protonation of pendent groups III, backbone cleavage. Actual biodegradation may be a combination of these mechanisms.
Low levels of ultraviolet absorbers (typically 0.2-0.8 pphr [parts per hundred resin]) can also be useful in preventing initiation of degradation mechanisms. Modified benzophenones and benzotriazoles are in widest commercial use. [Pg.330]

Tsai listed and quantitatively discussed specific degradation mechanisms for environmental exposure [6-40] ... [Pg.360]

The specification development process is a data-driven activity that requires a validated analytical method. The levels of data needed include assay precision, replicate process results (process precision), and real-time stability profiles. A statistical analysis of these data is critical in setting a realistic specification. Most often, aggregation and fragmentation degradation mechanisms are common to protein and peptide therapeutics. Therefore, the SE-HPLC method provides a critical quality parameter that would need to be controlled by a specification limit. [Pg.535]

At higher flow rates cavitation is a serious degradation mechanism, where vapor bubbles created by pressure fluctuations brought about by the flow of liquid past the surface collapse on the metal surface with tremendous force. This damages any protective oxide which may be present, leading to pitting corrosion. It also causes mechanical damage to the metal. [Pg.900]

Strength, particularly where the material will be subjected to fatigue loading or is susceptible to degrading mechanisms such as hydrogen-induced cracking ... [Pg.908]

Bhuiyan, A. L. Some Problems Encountered with Degradation Mechanisms of Addition Polymers. Vol. 47, pp. 1 —65. [Pg.150]

There have been many studies on the thermal and thermo-oxidative degradation of PMMA.23 24 It is well established that the polymer formed by radical polymerization can be substantially less stable than predicted by consideration of the idealized structure and that the kinetics of polymer degradation are dependent on the conditions used for its preparation. There is still some controversy surrounding the details of thermal degradation mechanisms and, in particular, the initiation of degradation.31... [Pg.417]

Because of the complex hydrodynamics associated with GPC systems, it is difficult to arrive at a simple correlation between GPC operational parameters and chain scission kinetics. At least five degradation mechanisms (given below with the associated flow field) may be operative in the different parts of the column, during a standard GPC analysis ... [Pg.170]

In order to evaluate the effect of hygrothermal fatigue on the physical and mechanical properties of composites in actual service, it is crucial to resolve the basic phenomena driving the complex water sorption behaviour and degradation mechanisms in various combinations of moist environment and temperature. [Pg.191]

Novolac network degradation mechanisms vary from tiiose of resole networks due to differences in crosslinking metiiods. Nitrogen-containing linkages must also be considered when HMTA (or other crosslinking agent) was used to cure novolac networks. For example, tribenzylamines, formed in HMTA-cured novolac networks, decompose to cresols and azomethines (Fig. 7.50). [Pg.423]

Zhao, X., Bhushan, B., andKajdas, C., Lubrication Studies of Head-Disk Interfaces in a Controlled Environment, Part 2 Degradation Mechanisms of Perfluoropolyether Lubricants," Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part J J. Eng. Tribal., Vol. 214, 2000, pp. 547-559. [Pg.236]


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Failure modes chemical degradation mechanism

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Initial Degradation Mechanism

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Mechanical degradation

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Mechanical degradation properties

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Poly degradation mechanisms

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Polymers degradation mechanism macroscopic properties

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Polyolefin degradation mechanisms

Polyphosphazenes degradation mechanisms

Polystyrene degradation mechanism

Polystyrene mechanical degradation

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Proton mechanical degradation

Radiation degradation mechanisms

Retro-aldol degradation mechanism

Sequential degradation mechanisms

Silk degradation mechanism

Some Nonradical Degradation Mechanisms

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Thermal-Mechanical Degradation

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Thermo-oxidative degradation mechanism

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Wohl degradation mechanism

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Zipper mechanism, degradation

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