Degradation testing fuel

The chemical degradation was studied both in situ (during fuel cell operation) and ex situ (by Fenton s reagent test) [68]. The structure of the examined polymer is given in Fig. 1. Except for fluoride release, the same product shown below was identified using NMR and mass spectroscopy in both the Fenton s test water and a residue extracted from MEAs that were heavily degraded during fuel cell operation. 

Kundu S, Fowler M, Simona L and AbouataUah R (2008), Reversible and irreversible degradation in fuel cells during Open Circuit Voltage durability testing. Journal of Power Sources, 182,254-258. 

Bae, S.J., Kim, S.-J., Park, J.I., Lee, J.-H., Cho, H., and Park, J.-Y. (2010) Lifetime prediction through accelerated degradation testing of membrane electrode assemblies in direct methanol fuel cells. Int.J. Hydrogen Energy, 35, 9166-9176. Shao, M. (2011) Palladium-based electrocatalysts for hydrogen oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions. J. Power Sources, 196, 2433-2444. 

In an effort to reduce fuel cell manufacturing cost, low-priced rare earth minerals are being considered. Rare earth minerals such as lanthanum are used in making cathodes for the solid oxide fuel cell. Lower purity minerals, such as lanthanide manganite, are being tested to determine whether these materials will perform without serious degradation of fuel cell performance. 

To test the degradation of fuel cell catalyst and assess the carbon support degradation effect on fuel cell performance, many diagnostic tools are available. These tools may test the morphology of the catalyst support directly or may evaluate the carbon corrosion indirectly through the fuel cell overall performance. Common parameters analyzed to evaluate the electrocatalyst degradation include measurement of the catalyst layer areas (cross-sectional and smface area), the ECSA, fuel cell current density, surface morphology, and elemental composition of material or effluent gas. 

PEM Fuel Cell Failure Mode Analysis presents a systematic analysis of PEM fuel cell durability and failure modes. It provides readers with a fundamental understanding of insufficient fuel cell durability, identification of failure modes and failure mechanisms of PEM fuel cells, fuel cell component degradation testing, and mitigation strategies against degradation. 

Presents degradation testing protocols important for durability and failure mode studies of PEM fuel cells... 

The Accelerated Degradation Testing (ADT) technology is the effective way to solve this problem. The ADT is not need to observe the occurrence of failure and just need to monitor the changes of specified products performance parameters. Recently, ADT has been successfully applied in many kinds of products, such as direct methanol fuel cells (Bae Suk-Joo et al. 2010), aerospace electrical connector (Chen Wenhua et al. 

Bae Suk-Joo, Kim Seong-Joon, Park Jong, 2010. In Lifetime prediction through accelerated degradation testing of membrane electrode assemblies in direct methanol fuel cells. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 35(7) 9166-9176. 

In a stndy on PSSA degradation in fuel cell appUcadons, it was found that peaks at 1,037cm (S=0 symmetrical stretching) and l,008cm" (aromatic in-plane vibration) diminish after a durability test, especially on the cathode side (Yu et al. 2003). Both the aromatic rings and the SOj" groups are lost after the durability test. On the basis of IR results, the hydroxyl radicals attack the polystyrene via addition to the phenyl groups (Weir 1978). 

Abstract - The aim of the PHEBUS FP programme is to investigate in an pile test facility various phenomena governing the degradation of fuel and the release, transjwrt and deposition of fission products in LWRsevere acddent conditions. This paper gives a summary of the preparation of the first test FPTO et ted to be performed in April 1993and the associated experimental protocol. 

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