Deep well compositions

A composition containing polyanionic cellulose and a synthetic polymer of sulfonate has been tested for reducing the fluid loss and for the thermal stabilization of a water-based drilling fluid for extended periods at deep well drilling temperatures [812]. 

Sources, Amounts, and Composition of Deep-Well-Injected Wastes. 785... 

The sources, amounts, and composition of existing deep-well-injected hazardous wastes... 

The sources, amounts, and composition of injected hazardous wastes are a matter of record, because the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)5,14 requires hazardous waste to be manifested (i.e., a record noting the generator of the waste, its composition or characteristics, and its volume must follow the waste load from its source to its ultimate disposal site). The sources and amounts of injected hazardous waste can be determined, therefore, based on these records. Table 20.2 shows the estimated volume of deep-well-injected wastes by industrial category.3 More than 11 billion gallons of hazardous waste were injected in 1983. Organic chemicals (51%) and petroleum-refining and petrochemical products (25%) accounted for three-quarters of the volume of injected wastes that... 

Explosive Compositions for Oil Well Gun Perforators. Expl charges consisting of the Pb Salt (I) of ethylene din itramine or in combination with other heat stable propellants are suitable for deep well operations. This compd does not spontaneously explode under about 300° and it is a relatively powerful expl by itself. Low impact and friction sensitivity, moderate power or brisance, produces large vols of gas, high flash point Ref A.O. Franz, USP 2708623(1955) CA 49, 14326(1955)... 

Cook et al, Explosive Composition for Use Under High-Pressure Conditions at Elevated and Normal Temperatures , SAfrP 7204378 (1973) CA 79,147873 (1973) [The inventors claim a liq expl useful for deep-well blasting at =10,000psig and temps of 15—350°F which is stable at the higher temps for a reasonable length of time. The expl mixt consists of ammonitro-toluene (approx 22) suspension of HMX (approx 50 to 60) with up to 20% of a metal such as flake Al present to thicken, smooth and sensitize the... 

The compositions correspond to deep wells in the equilibrium diagram so the liquid phase is stable at low temperatures where diffusion is slow. See Figure 15.14. 

Answer 15.4 Yes, the chemical and isotopic composition should be established in the deep well and in the adjacent shallow well. This should be done in repeatedly collected samples under different pumping rates (with the... 

General Controls on Natural Water Chemistry Chap. 8 TABLE 8.10 Composition of brine in sandstones A and B in 1968 before deep-well injection, and in 1989 after both have been affected by the injection ... 

The mixing option in SOLMINEQ.88 is particularly useful in modeling deep well disposal of industrial waters. This option allows two different aqueous fluids to be mixed in varying proportions. At a constant or varying temperature, the variables typically monitored in the mixed fluids, are the saturation indices of the various minerals in order to determine if there will be problems with precipitation of various phases in intermediate mixtures. A detailed example of the use of this option is reported in Gunter et al. (1986), who modeled the effects of waste water disposal from enhanced oil recovery operations (EOR) in two different disposal formations. In cases where mineral precipitation is predicted, the code can be used to indicate a remedial action in the form of chemical additives, or by mixing with water of different composition (Fig. 2). 

Table II summarizes analytical data for dissolved inorganic matter in a number of natural water sources (J3, 9, J 9, 20, 21). Because of the interaction of rainwater with soil and surface minerals, waters in lakes, rivers and shallow wells (<50m) are quite different and vary considerably from one location to another. Nevertheless, the table gives a useful picture of how the composition of natural water changes in the sequence rain ->- surface water deep bedrock water in a granitic environment. Changes with depth may be considerable as illustrated by the Stripa mine studies (22) and other recent surveys (23). Typical changes are an increase in pH and decrease in total carbonate (coupled), a decrease in 02 and Eh (coupled), and an increase in dissolved inorganic constituents. The total salt concentration can vary by a factor of 10-100 with depth in the same borehole as a consequence of the presence of strata with relict sea water. Pockets with such water seem to be common in Scandinavian granite at >100 m depth.

PTLC was used to enrich the polar fraction of deep-fried potato chips and vegetable oils used in industrial frying operahons. After PTLC, capillary GC, GC-MS, and NMR were used to quantify sterols and sterol oxides in fried-potato products, as well as the composition of sterols in the oil used for frying [72]. 

To test if dilution of the products of CNO burning may explain the difference in abundance pattern with evolved giants and a possible excess in 12 C visible in N-rich stars (see left panel of Fig. 4), we use simple models in the plane [C/N] vs [O/N] (right panel of Fig. 4). Starting from the approximate composition of N-poor stars, the trend for different fractions of gas processed in the complete CNO-cycle (solid line) reproduces fairly well the data, albeit it predict too low C abundances for N-rich dwarfs. Pollution from RGB stars with composition N-rich from very deep mixing (complete CNO and Na enrichment involved, dotted line) reproduces also rather well the data, apart for N-rich dwarfs. On the other hand, the N-poor case, typical of the chemical composition of field RGB stars, is a very poor match (dashed line). Moreover, in this case, the model would predict C-poor, Na-poor stars, whereas no one is observed among over 40 dwarfs/subgiants in the 3 clusters. 

Deep and shallow crustal fluids. Although comprehensive studies have yet to be undertaken, ordinary groundwater—ambient temperature water withdrawn from nearsurface wells—exhibits a wide range in Li isotopic compositions, from extremely light (5 Li... 

Rubber separators have good voltage characteristics, the ability to retard antimony transfer, properties to retard dendrite growth, and good electrochemical compatibility. Due to the hydrophilic properties of the rubber composition, the separators are highly wettable and renewable for the dry-charging process. Paik et al. showed that AGE-SIL (sulfur cured, hard rubber) separators performed well in industrial stationary or traction batteries. FLEX-SIL (electron-beam-cured. flexible rubber separator) separators are suited for deep-cycling batteries, and MICROPOR-... 

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