Data and Methods

Our analysis is mainly restricted to the actors that featured in our sample of texts. We thus have not captured actions and actors operating backstage , such as informal contacts between trade unions and politicians. Relations between oil companies and contractors were beyond the scope of this work as this is a complex issue that merits an analysis in itself 

The major part of this section will be devoted to episodes in 2000 and 2001 that illustrate how some actors tried to enrol other actors during the controversies. First, however, we outline the historical context of tripartite collaboration in the Norwegian petroleum sector. 

Tripartite Collaboration in the Norwegian Petroleum Industry Historical Context 

Human and Organisational Aspects of Safety , which to a large extent continued the approach and ideology of the Industrial Democracy Programme (Qvale 1985). 

According to Hovden (2002), the regulatory regime of the petroleum industry has been through three main phases  

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Baffles in a horizontal in-shell condenser are oriented with the cuts vertical to facilitate drainage and eliminate the possibility of flooding in the upward cross-flow sections. Pressure drop on the vapor side can be estimated by the data and method of Diehl and Unruh [Pet. Refiner, 36(10), 147 (1957) 37(10), 124 (1958)]. 

Methods for measurement of kp have been reviewed by Stickler,340 41 van Herk Vl and more recently by Beuermann and Buback.343 A largely non critical summary of values of kp and k, obtained by various methods appears in the Polymer Handbook.344 Literature values of kp for a given monomer may span two or more orders of magnitude. The data and methods of measurement have heen critically assessed by IUPAC working parties"45"01 and reliable values for most common monomers are now available. 43 The wide variation in values of kp (and k,) obtained from various studies docs not reflect experimental error but differences in data interpretation and the dependence of kinetic parameters on chain length and polymerization conditions. 

Exposure estimation is the next logical step in an exposure assessment. In this step, the data and methods developed in the previous steps dre linked together so that the relationship between pollutant sources and human exposure can be examined. Through estimation of the degree of exposure rather than just estimation of concentrations in environmental media, a more detailed analysis of a pollution problem is possible, including ... 

Cook, P.M., RJ. Erickson, R.L. Spehar, S.P. Bradbury, and G.T. Ankley. 1993. Interim Report on Data and Methods for Assessment of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Risks to Aquatic Life and Associated Wildlife. U.S. Environ. Protection Agen. EPA/600/R-93/055. 156 pp. 

Sutarno, R. Steger, H.F., 1985.The use of certified reference materials in the verification of analytical data and methods. Talanta, 32, 439-445. 

In para. IP-6.1, concepts, data, and methods are given for determining the requirements for flexibility in a piping system and for assuring that the system meets all of these requirements. In brief, these requirements are... 

Unique aspects of reactive hazards that should be examined during process hazard analysis (PHA), such as the need for reactive chemical test data, and methods to identify and evaluate worst case scenarios involving uncontrolled reactivity. 

Kelley, K. K. Contribution to the Data on Theoretical Metallurgy. XI. Entropies of Inorganic Substances. Revision (1948) of Data and Methods of Calculation. U.S. Dep. Commerce, Bur. Mines, Bull. 477, P- 98. Washington, D. C. Government Printing Office 1950. 

Databases date and time stamp all information. This makes accidental overwriting of raw data and methods impossible. 

Some examples of developments in risk assessment that take advantage of mechanistic and other types of novel data and methods are the subject of the next chapter. This chapter also highlights some new and intriguing challenges for risk assessment. 

An improved gas-uptake model should incorporate the features of the DuBois and Rogers model and the McJilton et al. model. As shown in Figure 7-2 the model for gas uptake in the airways should include separate layers for mucous-serous fluid epithelial tissue and blood. Development of such a model awaits reliable data and methods for predicting the coefficient of diffusion of pollutant gases in tissue and information on the rates of local perfusion of blood and lymph in the bronchial epithelium. Experimental data from humans and animals on the rate of sulfur dioxide absorption in blood could be used to make improved estimates of the tissue-diffusion coefficients in vivo. 

Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) The system provides a comprehensive feature set to aid customers in meeting GLP requirements. This includes features such as certificate-of-software validation, user-access levels, instrument and sequence logbooks, system-suitability software for aU supported HP instruments, standard GLP reports, and a GLP save option that encrypts and saves data and methods together. 

Kasper-Zubillaga, J.J., Carranza-Edwards, A., Morton-Bermea, O. 2008b. Heavy minerals and rare earth elements in coastal and inland dunes of El Vizcaino Desert Baja Califonia Peninsula, Mexico. Marine Georesources and Geotechnology, 26, 172-188. Sutarno, R. Steger, H.F., 1985. The use of certified reference materials in the verification of analytical data and methods. Talanta, 32, 439-445. 

Harmonize the data and methods used to test and assess pesticide risks, so as to help governments work together and improve the quality of the data and the rigor of the... 

Validation is the act of checking a calculation or design through its stages to verify that the assumptions made, input data, and method used have produced a valid result. 

As shown by the data and methods presented in Table I, the analytical requirements for determining structural models are prohibitive for geochemical studies that survey many different environments. 

Turner et al. (1996) review data and methods and give some data on temperature dependence. Hovorka and Dohnal (1997) report particularly accurate data for VOCs including temperature dependence. 

An ideal system for classifying hazardous wastes should be risk-based, applicable to all wastes that contain radionuclides or hazardous chemicals, internally consistent, based on intrinsic waste properties, comprehensible, quantitative, and compatible with existing or feasible data and methods. To the extent that these attributes are lacking in a waste classification system, undesirable consequences are likely to result. 

Molecular databases and the associated data banks require the development of a conceptual structure for the information stored about the molecules, descriptive language representing the data, and methods for analysis enabling molecular modeling, similarity searches, classification, visualization, or other uses of the database.320 Currendy, the Protein Data Bank (PDB http 7www.rcsb.org/pdb/) is one of the best known examples of a molecular database. The PDB is a worldwide archive of three-dimensional structural data of biological macromolecules.321 The PDB is a common accentor to many structural databases.322 The success of... 

Figure 24.5 Measures of Shannon and Rao-Stirling diversity (in arbitrary units, a.u.) in relation to the publication disciplines of the references in the reviews. See Section 24.4, Data and Methods, for their definition. Both measures are normalized dividing by the largest value in the series.

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