Dander

Biological agents—molds, spores, dander Contaminated ventilation systems, pets... 

Airborne material affecting the quality of indoor air may be classified as gases or particulate matter. Gases which may be potential problems are radon, CO, NOj, and hydrocarbons. Particulate matter may come from tobacco smoke, mold spores, animal dander, plant spores, and others as shown in Table 23-1. Other factors interact to influence our perception of indoor air quality, including humidity, temperature, lighting, and sound level. 

Animal Dander Tiny scales of animal skin. 

Allergens Pollutants that may cause an allergy, including pollens, dusts, animal dander, insect debris, mold and fungi spores. 

Extrinsic (also referred to as allergic asthma and caused in response to an allergen such as pollen, dust, and animal dander)... 

Van der Veen MJ. Mulder M. Witteman AM. van Ree R. Aalberse RC. Jansen HM. van der Zee JS False-positive skin prick test responses to commercially available dog dander extracts caused by contamination with house dust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssimus) allergens. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1996 98 1028-1034... 

G. dander, Die Chemie in Wasserahnlichen Losungsmitteln, Springer, Berlin, 1949. 

The electronic spectra of [Ir2(tmb)4L2]2+ binuclear compounds (L = C1, Br, I) have intense dander transitions between 37,000cm-1 and 30,000cm-1.486 Irn-Irn stretching vibrations are observed between 140 cm-1 and 116 cm-1, from which Ir2 force constants are evaluated. 

Bog-Hansen, T.C., Prahl, P., and Lowenstein, H. (1978) A set of analytical electrophoresis experiments to predict the results of affinity chromatographic separations. Fractionation of allergens from cow s hair and dander./. Immunol. Meth. 22, 293. 

J Seasonal (hay fever) occurs in response to specific allergens (pollen from trees, grasses, and weeds) present at predictable times of the year (spring and/or fall blooming seasons) and typically causes more acute symptoms. Perennial (intermittent or persistent) occurs year round in response to nonseasonal allergens (e.g., dust mites, animal dander, molds) and usually causes more subtle, chronic symptoms. 

The tissue of interest should be removed from the animals using equipment that has been treated to ensure that it is RNase-free. The surface hair of the animals can be soaked in 70% ethanol to minimize the inclusion of hair or dander in the isolated tissues. A sterile disposable Petri plate, placed on top of a bed of crushed ice, is a suitable RNase-free surface for microdissection. Immediately after isolation from the animal, individual samples of tissue can be flash frozen by immersion in liquid nitrogen and stored in cryovials in liquid nitrogen or at -70°C until all samples from an experimental set have been obtained. RNA extraction and preparation of single-stranded cDNA can then be performed simultaneously on all samples. This will minimize differences between RNA populations that result from differences in sample preparation. 

Industrial processes, such as mUling and mining, construction work, and the burning of wood or fossil fuel, generate particulates that can be directly toxic or can serve as vectors for the transfer of bound material, such as sulfuric acid, metals, and hydrocarbons, into the lungs. Natural products such as pollen, anthrax spores, and animal dander can elicit toxic reactions on inhalation or skin contact. The inhalation of asbestos, silica, or coal dust can cause pneumoconiosis, which may develop into serious lung disease. The size of the particle, ventilatory rate, and depth of breathing will determine the extent of pulmonary deposition. 

Cromolyn and nedocromil may also be useful in patients whose symptoms occur seasonally or after clear-cut inciting stimuli such as exercise or exposure to animal danders or irritants. In patients whose symptoms are continuous or that occur without an obvious inciting stimulus, the value of these drugs can be established only with a therapeutic trial of inhaled drug four times a day for 4 weeks. If the patient responds to this therapy, the dose can then be optimized. 

Proteins of cat saliva dry and flake off as dander, which contains major indoor allergens linked to asthma. Dogs, horses, cattle, and other animals also provide several allergens,454 some of which are lipocalins (Box 21-A) 455 Other close-to-home allergens are provided by fungi that live on skin or nails.456... 

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