Cytolytic complex

Wagner L, Yang OO, Garcia-Zepeda EA, et al. Beta-chemokines are released from HIV-l-specihc cytolytic T-cell granules complexed to proteoglycans. Nature 1998 391(6670) 908-911. 

The opioids modulate the immune system by effects on lymphocyte proliferation, antibody production, and chemotaxis. In addition, leucocytes migrate to the site of tissue injury and release opioid peptides, which in turn help counter inflammatory pain. However, natural killer cell cytolytic activity and lymphocyte proliferative responses to mitogens are usually inhibited by opioids. Although the mechanisms involved are complex, activation of central opioid receptors could... 

Antigen MHC class I complexes have a different function and present their antigen to CD8+ cytolytic T cells, which produce an appropriate group of effector molecules leading to apoptosis of target cells. 

The resulting complex triggers a cytolytic response and induces apoptosis. 

The membrane-attack complex (MAC) is the cytolytic end product of the complement cascade it forms a transmembrane channel, leading to osmotic lysis of the target cell (Fignre 15.1). 

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins are essential components of the immune system (1). One speeific role is for them to bind and present cellularly derived peptides (-8-10 amino acids - MHC Class I peptides) at the cell surface. These peptides are subsequently challenged by cytolytic T-lymphocytes (CTL s) which are programmed to differentiate between self and exogenous peptides. T-cell recognition of these latter peptides initiates a response that ultimately results in cell lysis and death of the infected cell. Hence, structural characterization of such peptides could potentially result in the development of therapeutie treatments of a number of infectious disease states such as viral cancers, AIDS, and autoimmune disease. However, the task of sequencing such peptides is difficult since MHC class I proteins can bind and present 10,000-15,000 different cellularly derived peptides present at the sub-pieo-femtomole level (2,3). 

Horseshoe crab limulin binds to mammalian sialic acids and bacterial KDO [213] and is a sialic acid-specific hemagglutinin as well as cytolytic to erythrocytes in vitro [214]. In contrast to other pentraxins, limulin subunits have been proposed to associate as twelve 45 kDa AB complexes in doubly stacked hexameric disc-like oligomers [202,214]. 

Cytolytic (type II) hypersensitivity Arthus-immune complex (type III) hypersensitivity Cell-mediated (type IV) hypersensitivity Immunosuppression... 

One component of the IL-12 receptor complex shows it to be related to gpl30. To date, a large number of receptors for IL-12 have been found but only on PBMC following activation with PHA or IL-2. Studies have found that the expression of IL-12R on a human y5 T-ceU line responds to IL-12 with enhanced cytolytic activity and increased expression of cytolytic effector molecules granzyme B and perforin. ... 

The 8-endotoxins include another B. thuringiensis toxin type, which has cytolytic activity against a number of invertebrate and vertebrate cells in vitro. These Cyt toxins have been shown to have specific activity on dipteran insects via a mode of action similar to the Cry toxins. The interaction of Cyt toxins with Cry toxins is complex because in some cases the toxicity of a given Cry/Cyt toxin combination is synergistic and in others antagonism is found, e.g. between CrylAcl and CytlAl both in vitro and in vivo toxicity to Trichoplusia ni (Del Rincon-Castro et al., 1999). 

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