Cytokines curcumin

Parodi, RE. et al.. Oral administration of diferuloylmethane (curcumin) suppresses proinflammatory cytokines and destructive connective tissue remodeling in experimental abdominal aortic aneurysms, Ann. Vase. Surg., 20, 360, 2006. 

Curcumin is a hydrophobic polyphenol derived from turmeric the rhizome of the herb Curcuma longa. Traditionally, turmeric and other curcuminoids have been used in therapeutic preparations for various ailments in different parts of the world. Numerous therapeutic effects of curcumin/turmeric have been confirmed by modern scientific research. It is a highly pleiotropic molecule that modulates numerous targets, including the activation of transcription factors (e.g., NF-kB, STAT-3, AP-1, NRF-2, PPR-y, HIF-1), receptors (e.g., HER-2, IL-8, CXCR-4), kinases (e.g., EGFR, ERK, JAK, AAPK), cytokines (e.g., TNF, IL, MIP, MCP), enzymes (e.g., MMP, iNOS, GST, ATPase), and... 

The studies from our group showed that curcumin inhibited pancreatic cancer in patients. Twenty-five patients were enrolled in this study. Patients received 8 g of curcumin orally daily until disease progression, with restaging every 2 months. Serum cytokine levels for IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-1 receptor antagonists and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) expression of NF-kB and COX-2 were monitored. Out of 25 patients, 21 were evaluable for... 

Bachmeier BE, Mohrenz TV, Mirisola V, Schleicher E, Romeo F, Hohneke C, Jochum M, Nerlich AG, Pfeffer U. 2008. Curcumin down-regulates the inflammatory cytokines CXCL1 and -2 in breast cancer cells via NFkappaB. Carcinogenesis 29 779-789. 

Kamat AM, Sethi G, Aggarwal BB. 2007. Curcumin potentiates the apoptotic effects of chemotherapeutic agents and cytokines through down-regulation of nuclear factor-kappaB and nuclear factor-kappaB-regulated gene products in IFN-alpha-sensitive and IFN-alpha-resistant human bladder cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther 6 1022-1030. 

Accumulation of P-amyloid proteins in the brain is one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer s disease. Dietary curcumin at low dose (160ppm) and high dose (5000ppm) significantly lowered oxidized proteins and interleukin 1-P, a pro-inflammatory cytokine... 

Abe, Y., Hashimoto, S., and Horie, T., Curcumin inhibition of inflammatory cytokine production by human peripheral blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages, Pharmacol Res., 39(1), 41 1,1999. 

Jobin, C., Bradham, C.A., Russo, M.P., Juma, B., Narula, A.S., Brenner, D.A., and Sartor, R.B., Curcumin blocks cytokine-mediated NF-kappa B activation and pro inflammatory gene expression by inhibiting inhibitory factor I-kappa B kinase activity, J. Immunol., 163 (6), 3474-... 

Curcumin Turmeric roots Suppresses the productirai of cytokines such as IFN-y, interleukins, and TNF inhibits the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) [40]... 

Here, we extended the study by examining, at the gene expression level, the effect of curcumin on three cytokines that enhance the production of NO, namely, TNFa, IL-ip and IFNy, as well as the efficacy of curcumin in organs besides the liver. 

Figure 5, Effect of curcumin on TNFa and IL-ip mRNA expression in vivo. The liver, spleen and lymph nodes of BALB/c mice were collected and the induction ofTNFaandlL-ip mRNA was evaluated by applying RT-PCR GAPDH was used to normalize the cytokine mRNA level. For each organ, the three lanes, from left to right, show LPS, LPS plus curcumin, and curcumin...

Curcumin inhibits the production of many cytokines that are under the control of the NFkB pathway as shown in various cell types. Besides EL-Ip andTNF-a, it inhibits the production of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-8 by human monocytes and macrophages (19, 20). Curcumin also inhibits IL-12 production, though not IL-10, in murine macrophages. It may bias the T-helper 1/T helper 2 balance by decreasing the production of IFNy and increasing the production of IL-4 (21, 22). For chemotaxis, in rat and human intestinal epithelial cells, IL-ip-mediated expression of IL-8 is suppressed by curcumin (23). in human osteoblasts, epinephrine-induced expression of IL-6 and IL-12 is also inhibited by curcumin though it is via the AP-1 pathway, rather than the NF-kB pathway (24). 

The anti-inflammatory effects of nutraceuticals (curcumin, resveratrol, EGCG and other diaiylheptanoids) appear to be associated with their ability to inhibit NO, prosataglandins and cytokines. One of the most critical targets of these nutraceuticals involves NF-kB that regulates expression of a oIe variety of genes, such as COX-2, iNOS and proinflanunatory cytokines, responsible for inflammation (these targets are summarized in Figure 7). 

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