Carbon dioxide cylinder

In the flask was placed a solution of 50 g of carbon dioxide in 250 ml of dry THF, made by introducing the gas from a cylinder into THF, cooled at about -90°C (liquid nitrogen bath). The gas inlet was removed and through the neck of the reaction flask was poured a cold solution (-70°C) of 0.40 mol of allenyl1ithiurn in 280 ml of hexane and 280 ml of THF (prepared as described in Chapter II,... 

A solution of 0.20 mol of butyl lithium in about 140 ml of hexane was cooled to -6Q°C and 140 ml of dry THF were added. The mixture was cooled to about -80 C (liquid nitrogen bath) and 0.23 mol of the allenic hydrocarbon (see Chapter VI, Exp. 1, 2, 44) was added in 5 min (methylal1ene was added as a 1 1 solution in THF). The solutions were kept for 1 h at -55°C. Into another 1-1 flask (see also Fig. 1, but without a dropping funnel), cooled at -90°C by immersion in liquid nitrogen, was poured a solution of dry carbon dioxide (from a cylinder) in 130 ml of dry THF. This solution was obtained by introducing about 40 g of carbon dioxide (note 1) into the THF at -90°C. The gas inlet was removed from the second flask and the solution of the lithiated allene (still cooled below -60 C) was poured... 

Chemica.1 Properties. Reviews of carbonyl sulfide chemistry are available (18,23,24). Carbonyl sulfide is a stable compound and can be stored under pressure ia steel cylinders as compressed gas ia equiUbrium with Hquid. At ca 600°C carbonyl sulfide disproportionates to carbon dioxide and carbon disulfide at ca 900°C it dissociates to carbon monoxide and sulfur. It bums with a blue flame to carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide. Carbonyl sulfide reacts... 

The second Hquefaction process is carried out at temperatures from 261 to 296 K, with Hquefaction pressures of about 1600—2400 kPa (16—24 atm). The compressed gas is precooled to 277 to 300 K, water and entrained oil are separated, and the gas is then dehydrated ia an activated alumina, bauxite, or siHca gel drier, and flows to a refrigerant-cooled condenser (see Drying agents). The Hquid is then distilled ia a stripper column to remove noncombustible impurities. Liquid carbon dioxide is stored and transported at ambient temperature ia cylinders containing up to 22.7 kg. Larger quantities are stored ia refrigerated iasulated tanks maintained at 255 K and 2070 kPa (20 atm), and transported ia iasulated tank tmcks and tank rail cars. 

SoIldifica.tlon. Liquid carbon dioxide from a cylinder may be converted to "snow" by allowiag the Hquid to expand to atmospheric pressure. This simple process is used only where very small amounts of soHd carbon dioxide are required because less than one-half of the Hquid is recovered as soHd. 

Liquid carbon dioxide is used as a source of power in certain appHcations. The vapor pressure of Hquid carbon dioxide (7290 kPa or 72 atm at 294 K) maybe used for operating remote signaling devices, spray painting, and gas-operated firearms. Carbon dioxide in small cylinders is also used for inflating life rafts and jackets. 

In 1966, a naphtha tanker, the Alva Cape, was involved in a collision near New York and was severely damaged. Some naphtha was spilled, and the rest was pumped out into another vessel. The owners wanted to move the ship to a shipyard where it could be gas-freed and the damage could be surveyed, but the New York Fire Department said that the ship s tanks should be inerted before it was moved. The salvage company, therefore, ordered some carbon dioxide cylinders and hoses. Two tanks were inerted without incident, but when carbon dioxide was discharged into a third tank, an explosion occurred, followed by a fire. Four men were killed, and further explosions occurred in other tanks when they were heated by the fire. 

Kohlensaure,/. carbonic acid carbon dioxide, -anhydrid, rt. carbonic anhydride (carbon dioxide), -ausscheidung,/. (Physiol.) c Tbon dioxide excretion, -bestimmer, m. apparatus for determining carbon dioxide, -brot, n, aerated bread, -chlorid, n. carbonyl chloride, -entwickelung,/. evolution of carbon dioxide, -ester, m. carbonic ester, -flasche, /. carbon dioxide cylinder, -gas, n, carbonic add gas (carbon dioxide), -gehalt, m. carbon dioxide content. 

Manufacturers added exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) systems to counter the increased in-cylinder NO. formation associated with higher operating temperatures. The EGR recycles a portion of the exhaust stream back into the engine intake air. The relatively inert exhaust gas, containing carbon dioxide and water but little oxygen, serves as a combustion buffer, reducing peak combustion temperatures. 

Larkins et al. (L2) visually observed flow patterns and measured pressure drop and liquid holdup for cocurrent downflow of gas and liquid through beds of spheres, cylinders, and Raschig rings of diameters from 3 mm to f in. in experimental columns of 2- and 4-in. diameter, as well as in a commercial unit several feet in diameter. The fluid media were air, carbon dioxide, or natural gas and water, water containing methylcellulose, water containing soap, ethylene glycol, kerosene, lubricating oil, or hexane. 

A domestic water-carbonating kit uses steel cylinders of carbon dioxide, each with a volume of 250. mL. Each weighs 1.04 kg when full and 0.74 kg when empty. What is the pressure of gas (in bar) in a full cylinder at 20.°C ... 

Large quantities of carbon dioxide may be obtained from a cylinder of the liquid gas the gas should be dried by passing it through two wash bottles containing concentrated sulphmic acid. A little air is present in the gas. 

Interaction of chlorine with methane is explosive at ambient temperature over yellow mercury oxide [1], and mixtures containing above 20 vol% of chlorine are explosive [2], Mixtures of acetylene and chlorine may explode on initiation by sunlight, other UV source, or high temperatures, sometimes very violently [3], Mixtures with ethylene explode on initiation by sunlight, etc., or over mercury, mercury oxide or silver oxide at ambient temperature, or over lead oxide at 100°C [1,4], Interaction with ethane over activated carbon at 350°C has caused explosions, but added carbon dioxide reduces the risk [5], Accidental introduction of gasoline into a cylinder of liquid chlorine caused a slow exothermic reaction which accelerated to detonation. This effect was verified [6], Injection of liquid chlorine into a naphtha-sodium hydroxide mixture (to generate hypochlorite in situ) caused a violent explosion. Several other incidents involving violent reactions of saturated hydrocarbons with chlorine were noted [7],... 

The reactor used consists of a Pyrex glass tube containing 260.6 g catalyst and was immersed in an oil bath. The temperature of the catalyst bed remained constant within + 0.1°C of the desired temperature. Oxygen (0 99.9%), nitrogen (N 99.9%), nitrous oxide (N ,0 99.99%), carbon dioxide (99.9%) and helium (He 99.999%) from commercial cylinders were purified through a dry ice-methanol trap to remove water vapor. 

Low levels of resistance have been reported for some populations of Indian meal moth, almond moth, and red flour beetle populations in stored peanuts in the southeastern United States (Zettler et al., 1989), but no assessments are available for phosphine resistance in insect populations in mills, warehouses, processing plants, and other structural facilities. Phosphine can be corrosive to metals, particularly copper, electrical wiring, and electronic equipment (Bond et al., 1984), which limits its application in food processing facilities and warehouses. A new formulation of phosphine, in which phosphine gas is combined with carbon dioxide and released from a cylinder, alleviates some but not all of the corrosive effects of phosphine and is labeled for use as a structural treatment. 

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