Cylinder loading

Machine components ate commonly subjected to loads, and hence stresses, which vary over time. The response of materials to such loading is usually examined by a fatigue test. The cylinder, loaded elastically to a level below that for plastic deformation, is rotated. Thus the axial stress at all locations on the surface alternates between a maximum tensile value and a maximum compressive value. The cylinder is rotated until fracture occurs, or until a large number of cycles is attained, eg, lO. The test is then repeated at a different maximum stress level. The results ate presented as a plot of maximum stress, C, versus number of cycles to fracture. For many steels, there is a maximum stress level below which fracture does not occur called the... 

A single-acting, head end cylinder will not have load reversal if suction pressure is applied to the crank end. Similarly, if discharge pressure is applied to the head end of a single-acting, crank end cylinder, load reversal will not occur. 

Sternberg, H. M., Fragment Weight Distributions from Naturally Fragmenting Cylinders Loaded with Various Explosives, N0L TR 73-83, 12 Oct197. ... 

The lamina s transverse compressive/tensile properties are determined from a hoop wound (90°) cylinder loaded in axial compression and/or tension. The test methods have been standardized under ASTM D5450 and D5449. The tube geometry and manufacturing procedures are similar to those used in the lamina s in-plane shear tests. 

ETN has greater sensitivity than PETN, so it was important to evaluate its safety relative to the cylinder loading process. In addition to the standard small-scale safety testing [4], ETN was tested for friction sensitivity using a copper plate, and did not undergo any visible reaction at the highest input level. 

One can imagine a tinn-walled cylinder loaded axially to the inaximnin extent possible. An inward circumferential load does not add any force longitudinally to the cylinder however, it increases the risk of buckling. 

The flow calculation was carried out by finite-differential scheme, suggested in [lO] and the experiment was modulated on liquid cylinder loading Tq = 2 cm ( = 145 J, = 4 jus). 

Cylinder loading n. Fibers imbedded so deeply in the wire clothing on a card cylinder that they resist transfer to the doffer cylinder according to the normal fiber path through the card. Causes include improper finish, excess moisture, or static on the fiber. The fiber builds up to such an extent that the carding operation is adversely affected. In extreme cases, the card will be slowed or stopped. 

Gas cylinders loaded with adsorbents (e.g., activated carbon and zeolites) require lower pressures compared with... 

Table 2-12 summarizes cylinder loading regulations the left-hand column identifies basic requirements other columns list applicable standards and regulations. 

Cylinder loading changes the point in the cycle at which the inlet valve closes. If set at 75 % load, on reaching BDC the valve remains open. The piston begins the compression stroke but no actual compression takes places. Instead gas leaves via the inlet valve until it closes at point C75. At this point true compression begins but on a gas volume that is 75 % of maximum. The load can similarly be reduced to 50 % or 25 % of maximum. Cylinder loading is normally set manually local to the machine. However, there are examples of it being automated to provide true flow control. 

Shear properties can be found from a right circular cylinder loaded in torsion as shown in Fig. 2.2, where the shear stress, x, angle of twist, 6, and... 

Fig. 9.3 Variation of the radial stress and hoop stress with position in the viscoelastic reinforced cylinder loaded with a step input of internal pressure. Parameters used are K /Go=3, t=1000, where the viscoelastic cylinder has an elastic bulk modulus and is a single Maxwell element in shear modulus. Response parameterized with time from the initial application of load at t=0 to asymptotic response at long times.

Based on flie von Mises instability formulas as discussed in Chapter 8 for a cylinder loaded with both radial and axial pressure loading, a value of n is determined for values of L/Do and t/Do- This is plotted in Fig. 16.6 from which the value of n can be easily determined for various values of L/Do versus t/D ,... 

Regarding the measurement of the impact strength in terms of force or stress, a first case is represented by the simple butt joint of hollow cylinders, loaded axially in tension. A thorough... 

A list of 89 uncertainties was originally evaluated and considered in the setting of FI power limits. Several additional uncertainties have been recently included in the analysis. Most notable of these are an assembly effluent temperature basis and an inlet plenum temperature bias, which reduce FI power levels by 0.75 percent and 2.25 percent, respectively. As one would expect, most of the uncertainties have little effect on the FI power limit. Figure 6 illustrates the relative effect of the more important uncertainties. For restart, the uncertainty in fuel cylinder loading variation will be decreased from + 15 percent, as used in the analysis, to + 12 percent consistent with the actual fuel loading. This will reduce the 83 multiplier. 

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