Anaphase promoting complex

Peters JM (2006) The anaphase promoting complex/ cyclosome a machine designed to destroy. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 7 644-656... 

Zachariae W, Nasmyth K 1999 Whose end is destruction cell division and the anaphase-promoting complex. Genes Dev 13 2039-2058... 

Daum, J.R. et al. (2000) The 3F3/2 anti-phosphoepitope antibody binds the mitotically phosphorylated anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome. Curr. Biol. 10(23), R850-R857. S1-S2... 

Also identified during the mid-1990s was the APC (anaphase promoting complex - also known as the cyclosome), another multi-subunit cullin-containing E3 that mediates ubiquitylation of mitotic cyclins [18, 19]. Mdm2, initially thought to be a HECT domain variant, was shown in 1997 to have E3 activity towards p53 in vitro [20]. For the non-HECT E3s no common structural feature had been detected. Thus, by 1997 the only defined molecular signature for E3 activity was the HECT domain. 

Page, A. M. and P. Hieter, The anaphase-promoting complex new subunits and regulators. Anna Rev Biochem, 1999, 68, 583-609. 

Reimann, j. D., et al., Emil is a mitotic regulator that interacts with Cdc20 and inhibits the anaphase promoting complex. Cdl, 2001, 105(5), 645-55. 

Zachaeiae, W. et al. Mass spec-trometric analysis of the anaphase-promoting complex from yeast identification of a subunit related... 

Yu, H. et al. Identification of a cullin homology region in a subunit of the anaphase-promoting complex. Science 1998, 279, 1219-22. 

Rudner, A. D. and Murray, A. W. (2000). Phosphorylation by Cdc28 activates the Cdc20-dependent activity of the anaphase-promoting complex. J. Cell Biol. 149, 1377-1390. 

Figure 4. Ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis regulates the onset and demise of Cdk activity during the cell division cycle. The Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) is active from the onset of anaphase until the end of G1 phase, during which it targets mitotic cyclins (Clbs) and other proteins such as Pdsl. The SCF complex is constitutively active but only targets Sicl and other substrates once they have been specifically phosphorylated by G1 cyclin (Cln)-Cdk (Cdc28) activity. See text for details.

Two of the four different E3 enzymes mentioned in the text are shown. The cyclosome/anaphase promoting complex (APC) ligates ubiquitin to regulatory and structural cell cycle proteins containing a destruction box as recognition signal (see also 13.3.2). The activity of the APC is thought to be controlled by phosphorylation. Eor simplicity, the subunits of APC are not shown. 

Two types of E2/E3 complexes are of particular importance for cell cycle control. One complex, the SCF complex, is of outstanding importance for the Gl/S transition. The other, the anaphase-promoting complex or the cyclosome, is especially important for the course and control of mitosis. Common to both complexes is the variable collaboration with different proteins to mediate the ubiquitinylation of different substrates. 

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