Molecularity defined

This approach has allowed molecularly defined heterogeneous catalysts to be developed. It is the first step towards the development of rationally designed heterogeneous catalysts. While the performance of these catalysts are already... 

Daamen WF et al (2003) Preparation and evaluation of molecularly-defined collagen-elastin-glycosaminoglycan scaffolds for tissue engineering. Biomaterials 24(22) 4001-4009... 

Comparing the different subareas of catalysis, all have common characteristics, but also significant differences are visible. Our area of main interest is homogeneous catalysis based on transition metal catalysts. In general, these homogeneous catalysts (most often the precatalyst) are molecularly defined. 

Non-catalytic intermolecular oxidation of C - H and O - H bonds, i.e. 9,10-dihydroanthracene or xanthene and 2,4-di-ferf-butylphenol, respectively, by molecularly defined Cu complexes was reported [118]. 

Myoglobins [442] and iron-oxide particles [447] have also been organized in cast multibilayers. Flexibility and versatility render composite cast multibilayers to be suitable for the construction of functional, ultrathin, polymeric superstructures with molecularly defined morphologies. Cast-multibilayer... 

Clearly any attempt to base FeK on such molecularly defined cores defeats the aims of pseudopotential theory. However, the approximate invariance of atomic cores to molecule formation implies that, of the total of Na electrons which could be associated with the centre A in an atomic calculation, nx are core electrons and n K will contribute to the molecular valence set. Thus we can define a one-centred Fock operator ... 

Brown DA, Pilippov AK, Branard EA (2000) Inhibition of potassium and calcium currents in neurons by molecularly-defined P2Y receptors. J Auton Nerv Sys 81 31-6 Brown SJ, James S, Reddington M et al (1990) Both Ai and A2a purine receptors regulate striatal acetylcholine release. J Neurochem 55 31-8... 

The novel catalyst system based on palladium(O) /V-heterocyclic carbene complexes was developed by the group of Beller, in part prompted by the strong patent position of Dow on phosphine-based palladium catalysts [8]. The catalyst [37], either generated in situ from the corresponding imidazolium salt or the molecularly defined divinyldisiloxane complex [Pd(Imes)(dvds)] (Fig. 3), was used in the telomerization of 1,3-butadiene with methanol [38—40]. The /V-heterocyclic carbenes are in general better a-donor ligands and come with considerably different steric requirements than the phosphines. The [Pd(Imes)(dvds)] complex resembles the final telomer-palladium product complex and thus offers a facile and clean entry into the catalytic cycle. The metal carbene complex was shown to be... 

Dendritic polymers can be covalently functionalized with organometallic complexes to obtain a dendritic catalyst with molecularly defined catalytic sites [5-7]. Moreover, a considerable number of reports on the applicability of functionalized dendrimers in catalysis have led to the idea of a dendritic effect on the catalyst activity/selectivity, which can either be positive or... 

Molecularities, defined only for single elementary steps, state the number of reactant molecules involved. The reaction order with respect to a participant is the exponent of the concentration of that species in the (possibly empirical) power-law rate equation. The overall reaction order is the sum of all such exponents. The rank of a product is an empirical quantity derived from observed rate behavior and indicating whether that species is formed directly from reactants or indirectly from intermediates. 

Clinical studies using molecularly defined MHC class I-restricted antigens and peptides are being conducted in several institutions, and antigen-specific T-cell responses are detected after vaccination. However, the overall immune responses elicited by vaccination with CD8 T-cell peptides are weak and transient. Recently, several studies are demonstrating that to enhance antitumor immunity and eradicate tumor cells in patients, it is necessary to induce both CD4 and CD8" T-cell responses [285,291]. 

It furthermore follows that a profile may constitute only a significant part of the overall structure of the odorivector molecule either a shape - the Van der Waals molecular outline proposed by AMOORE - which can degenerate to a molecularly defined plane or it can be a functional group in the traditional sense... 

It is obvious that the development of improved catalysts will continue in the near future. For example, it is believed that new molecularly defined palladium catalysts will prove to be advantageous to the usually applied in situ generated, undefined catalytically active species. 

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