Cycling identification technique

Before discussing issues related to the different classes of models that may be used with MPC, we should stress that the issue of model structure selection and model identification is at the heart of MPC. The greatest contribution of Ziegler and Nichols (1942) is not the famous tuning rule but the cycling identification technique they understood precisely what... 

Defines exactly what is the EUC (equipment under control) and the part(s) being controlled. Understands the EUC boundary and its safety requirements. Scopes the extent of the hazard and identification techniques (e.g., HAZOP). Requires a safety plan for all the life-cycle activities. 

Fast screening techniques, such as temperature-resolved in-source filament pyrolysis and laser-assisted pyrolysis, benefit from the high cycle time and mass accuracy of FUCR-MS [214]. An additional advantage of FUCR-MS in the study of pyrolysis processes is that MS can be readily used for structural identification of desorption and pyrolysis products. 

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is one of the most important techniques for rapid bacterial identification. It consists of repeated cycles of enzymatic reactions in a thermal cycler (PCR machine) that copies DNA strands many times. The DNA amplified in one PCR cycle is used as a template for the next cycle. This results in an exponential increase of the desired target... 

Effective design of a remediation system for dissolved hydrocarbons in groundwater requires consideration of more than only the effectiveness of the technological process involved. At many sites a variety of techniques are capable of completing the cleanup. However, design of a project that is efficient in all aspects — technically, in terms of time, and economically — requires an evaluation of the entire life cycle of the project from inception to closure. Typically, at sites where remediation is expected to continue over a 4-year project life, operation and maintenance account for between 50 and 80% of the total project cost. These percentages increase each year thereafter. The principal components of operation and maintenance are power, labor, and parts. Identification and quantification of these components are critical to the overall cost of a project. 

Dezfuli, B.S., Capuano, S. and Congiu, L. (2002) Identification of life cycle stages of Cyathocephalus trun-catus (Cestoda Spathebothriidea) using molecular techniques. Journal of Parasitology 88, 632-634. 

There are two types of issues involved in reducing the cycle time of the innovation process marketing issues and technical issues. These must be addressed differently. Marketing issues involve the identification of unmet needs by the customer, and technical issues are related to the capability to deliver. Techniques that reduce cycle time include the following ... 

Applications of electrospray mass spectrometry (ESMS) to the study of reactions mediated by transition-metal complexes are reviewed. ESMS has become increasingly popular as an analytical tool in inorganic and organometallic chemistry, in particular with regard to the identification of short-lived intermediates of catalytic cycles. Going one step further, the coupling of electrospray ionization to ion-molecule techniques in the gas phase yields detailed information about single reaction steps of catalytic cycles. This method allows the study of transient intermediates that have previously not been within reach of condensed-phase techniques on both a qualitative and quantitative level. 

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