Cushioning effect

The alcohol swells the poly (ethyl methacrylate) beads, rapidly promoting diffusion of the plasticizer into the polymer. As a result of the polymer-chain entanglement, a gel is formed. The conditioner is applied to the denture and provides a cushioning effect alcohol and plasticizer are slowly leached out, and the material becomes rigid. To ensure resiliency, the conditioner must be replaced after a few days. Some materials exhibit high flow over a short period compared with others with low initial flow the latter remain active longer. 

A poorly designed discharge manifold can cause shock waves and excessive pressure peaks. This manifold should be as short and direct as possible, avoiding any sharps turns. The conventional small atmospheric air chamber, often furnished with pumps, supplies only a moderate cushioning effect. For best results, this air chamber should be supplemented by a large atmospheric air chamber or by a precharged pulsation dampener. 

As is seen from this latter figure, an increase of the solids loading results in a decrease in the cyclone attrition rate. This may be due to a cushioning effect of the increased solids concentration which is well known in comminution processes. This cushioning effect may be interpreted as a decrease in the efficiency T] of the abrasion process. If we assume r] to be a function of jJ and in its simplest form to follow an exponential function,... 

Additional complications in milling arise as fines build up in the powder bed (43) (1) the fracture rate of all particle sizes decreases, the result, apparently, of a cushioning effect by the fines which minimizes stress and fracture (2) fracture kinetics become non-linear. Other factors, such as coating of equipment surfaces by fines, also affect the efficiency of the milling operation. 

Keywords Cushioning effects Degradation Mean particle size Types of impact surface... 

Waters et al. [5] stated that the presence of iron ore fines in the test sample at levels greater than 10% by mass had a cushioning effect, which reduced lump breakage during drop tests. They also observed that the amount of degradation was not significantly different, when lump iron ore drop on different impact surface. 

Experiments were carried out to determine the reduction of lump coal degradation due to the presence of coal fines (-16.0 mm) with the lumps at the different impact surfaces. Cushioning effects of fines consists of five different types of tests are as follows. 

The cushioning effects of fines of South Blackwater and Ensham coal tested on steel surface at 5 m drop height were shown in Figs. 2 and 3. Data for the Fig. 2 are given in Table 2. The result of these figures shows that, there was a significant difference of fines percentage between the non-cushioned and cushioned coal sample. Non-cushioned coal sample of South Blackwater coal dropped on steel surface produced 12% more fines than a cushioned coal sample, 13.3% more fines than a sample of initial 10% fines, 27.5% more fines than a sample of initial 30% fines and 30.9% more fines than a sample of initial 50% fines at 30 m total drops (six drops at 5 m) shown in Fig. 2. 

The results of cushioning effects of both types of coal in Figs. 6 and 7 shows that the initial fines with lump coal does not reduce much fines generation when dropped on coal... 

Figs. 12 and 13 shows that there were no significant difference of fines percentage in between three impact surfaces tested with sample of initial 30% fines of South Blackwater and Ensham coal at 30 m total drops. The results of these figures reveal that at higher percentage of initial fines the cushioning effects of fines on different impact surfaces are same. 

Non-cushioned coal sample of both types of coal dropped on different impact surfaces produced higher percentage of fines than the sample of cushioned coal, initial 10% fines, initial 30% fines and initial 50% fines. The cushioning effects of South Blackwater and Ensham coal with initial 10% fines dropped on steel surface produced more fines than conveyor surface and coal surface. The cushioning effect of fines on coal surface was least compare to other two impact surfaces. There was no significant difference of fines generation in between the three impact surfaces tested with a sample of initial 30% fines of both types of coal. The degradation model was used satisfactorily for South Blackwater coal on different impact surfaces. 

AP rifle bullets usually have a bullet tip filler (usually lead) which is designed to cushion the effect of the impact on the AP core, which is very hard and brittle and can break on impact without a cushioning effect. The AP core is also frequently surrounded with a thin sheath of lead between the core and the bullet jacket. The AP core is usually hardened steel such as tungsten/carbon, tungsten/chromium, manganese/molybdenum, chro-mium/vanadium, or chromium/molybdenum. 

Light Weight Polymers. In many instances, lighter weight, thermal insulation, and cushioning effects are considered more important than... 

Cathodic protection is sometimes beneficial to avoid cavitation, not because of the reduced rate of corrosion but because of the cushioning effect of hydrogen evolved on the surface. Removal of dissolved air is often beneficial because dissolved gases more easily nucleate cavitating bubbles at low pressures. 

A high volume of powder feed produces a cushioning effect whereas small sample volumes cause a loss of efficiency and abrasive wear of the mill parts. The amount of material to be milled in a ball mill may be expressed as a material-to-void ratio (ratio of the volume of material to that of the void in the ball charge). As the amount of material is increased, the efficiency of a ball mill is increased until the void space in the bulk volume of ball charge is filled then, the efficiency of milling is decreased by further addition of material. 

FIGURE 7.17 Polymer particles deforming under the pressure providing a cushioning effect. Polymer particles coated with colloidal silica particles (from Ref 101). 

Both synthetic and natural polymers are commonly used in lens care products. These agents can provide a cushioning effect as a result of increased viscosity. 

C. W611, Vacuum level alignment at organic/metal junctions Cushion effect and the interface dipole, Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 263502 (2005). 

One other inhibitor type that will prevent cavitation-corrosion is the soluble oil type, which incorporates a light mineral oil plus emulsifiers and adsorption-type inhibitors, such as organic amines. Unfortunately, although effective in controlling cavitation, (possibly by cushioning effects of the adsorbed oil reinforced film) they soften and damage rubber connectors and seals, cause leakage and water loss. When emulsifiers are exhausted, the oil emulsion breaks, and allows oily films to form on heat transfer surfaces. 

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