Curing promoters

Peroxide curing systems are generally the same for CSM as for other elastomers but large amounts of acid acceptor must be present to complete the cure. A small amount of a polyfunctional alcohol, ie, pentaerythritol (PER) in the compound significantly reduces the amount of base required by acting as a solubiHzer. TriaHyl cyanurate [101-37-17 is an additional cure promoter and leads to higher cross-link density. 

Typically vinyl ester, epoxy-resin and polyester systems with cure promoters are used at room temperature or under heated conditions. 

Accelerator 399. [Texaco] Epoxy curing promoter for use wiA amine hardeners. 

Emery . [Henkel/Emery Henkel/ Cospha Henkel KGaA] Emulsifier, emollient, conditioner, lubricant, moisturizer, dispersant, stabilizer, thickener, opacifier, coupling agent, cure promoter, interm ate for pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, industrial processing, films, textiles, engine lubricants. 

Chem. Descrip. Phenyl diethanolamine CAS 120-07-0 EINECS/ELINCS 204-368-5 Uses Coupling agent for disperse dyes for syn. fibers intermediate for dyes cure promoter for polyester resins curing agent for urethane elastomers intermediate also in hair dyes, heavy-duty detergents, paint strippers... 

Chem. Descrip. Ethyl phenyl ethanolamine CAS 92-50-2 EINECS/ELINCS 202-160-9 Uses Coupling agent for dyes for syn. fibers cure promoter for polyester resins photosensitive chemical for paper coatings intermediate for oil-sol. dyestuffs... 

Uses Mfg. of phenolic and thermosetting resins, furan polymers, urea-formaldehyde resins wetting agent foundry sand binders corrosion-resist, resins intermediate for esterification and etherification paints solvent, plasticizer for phenolic resins solvent for dyes and resins nonreactive epoxy resin diluent vise, reducer, cure promoter, and carrier in amine-cured epoxy resins gel retarder in casein/protein glues polymer sealants/cements synthetic flavoring agent in foods and pharmaceuticals cosmetics ingred. in food-pkg. adhesives... 

Uses Cure promoter for polyester resins intermediate for fugitive tints Trade Name Synonyms Emery 5702 [Cognis... 

Triforine cure accelerator Dipentaerythrityl acrylate cure activator, oxidation butyl rubber Benzothiazyl disulfide cure inhibitor, RTV systems Dimethicone, vinyidimethyl-terminated cure moderator, RTV systems Dimethicone, vinyidimethyl-terminated cure promoter, polyesters Benzene phosphinic acid cure promoter amine-cured epoxies Furfuryl alcohol curing agent... 

The performance of modern adhesive/sealant formulations is critically dependent on the cure system used. This must be judiciously balanced in order to give the desired performance, especially with respect to cure speed, together with a viable stability for the packaged product. The cure promoters are present at relatively low concentration ( 1% w/w). It is essential therefore that the appropriate analytical methods and techniques are available to identify and quantify these reactive components. 

Imidazole derivatives are used as cure promoters in addition to their use as curatives in their own right. Various derivatives of 33 have been used... 

Cure promoters include metal compounds, for optimal cure hot press moulding acetylacetone, with ketone peroxides and cobalt accelerator for a short geltime, giving a fast cure at room temperature and at elevated temperature and tertiary dodecyl mercaptane, for a gradual cure and moderate peak exotherm, in filament winding. 

The sulfenamide S—N bond strength controls the scorch safety and cure rate. The more labile this bond, the more readily the active cure promoter mercapto-benzothiazole is released at the onset of the cross-linking process. A family of sulfonamides has been developed to span a range of cure rates. Common historical members of this class are shown in Table 3, arranged from fast curing to... 

UPRs are composed not only of UPs and a crosslinking monomer, usually styrene they contain, moreover, initiators (hardeners), curing promoters (accelerators) and polymerization inhibitors, hi the systems with benzoyl peroxide as the initiator, tertiary aromatic amines, e.g. N,N-dimethylaniline or Ar,M-dimethyl-p-toluidine, are applied as the promoters. Some amino-glycols were built into the UP molecules, thus increasing the reactivity [170]. The best results were achieved when using 3,6-diaza-3,6-diphenyloctane-l,8-diol (Scheme 25) ... 

Figure 22 [39,40] shows the gel formation as a function of the peroxide level The gel fraction gradually increases with the peroxide level, when coagent is not present. The cure-promoting effect of the TAIC is remarkable, yielding a gel fraction of nearly 90% at low peroxide dose. So, the crosslinking... 

Pu and Shiraishi (1994) reported that water-soluble adhesives were prepared from a phenol liquefied wood solution. The adhesives revealed satisfactory waterproof quality. Addition of alkylresorcinol as a cure promoter to the adhesives resulted in a medium temperature, curable, aqueous phenol resin adhesive. 

See Systems 1, 2, 5, 6, 12, 13, 20 See systems 1, 2, 5, 6, 12, 13, 19, 20 Most of the systems listed above, particularly those containing sulfur or sulfur donors Acid acceptors and cure promoters only. 

Higher cost, better electrical properties than TMTD/Sulfur Secondary accelerates used with Tetrone A or TMTD/ Sulfur (MBT can be used alone as a primary curative) MBT and MBTS improve scorch safety in some systems Secondary accelerator and cure promoter to achieve a higher state of cure in heat-resistant compounds Improves insulation resistance of electrical compounds... 

Cure promoter in combination with magnesia Activator used in heat-resistant compounds. Must be used in combination with Tetrone A and MBTS or TMTD and sulfur... 

HVA-2 as a cure promoter results in improved state of cure, heat, and electrical insulation resistance. MBM is also used as the primary curative with the maleimide system and is effective as a coagent for peroxide cures. 

Maleimides such as HVA-2 serve as either a primary curing agent for CSM, a cure promoter for sulfur cures, or as an activator for peroxide systems. It is particularly effective in mineral-filled compounds in giving good scorch safety. A combination of an amine activator with HVA-2 with calcium hydroxide as the acid acceptor gives compression set resistance equivalent to that of a peroxide cure. 

Pentaerythritol (PER) functions as a cure promoter with magnesia, activating cure rate and increasing the state of cure. The level of magnesia may be reduced and long-term aging resistance is improved. These primary polyols are activators only... 

The specification discloses a method for vulcanising an elastomer using as the cure promoter the monomeric distillate by-product from the clay-based dimerisation of an unsaturated fatty acid mixture, preferably a tall oil fatty acid mixture. The distillate provides a cost-effective alternative to conventional fatty acid promoters. 

Peroxidic compositions, which are useful for curing elastomers and polyolefins, comprise (A) a peroxide in the form of a powder, granules or a masterbatch and (B) + (C) an inhibitor derived from hydroquinone and a curing promoter in powder, granule or masterbatch form. 

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