Culture of microbes

Pirt [16] described a diffusion capsule for the addition of a solute at a constant rate to a liquid medium. The diffusion capsule consists of a small cylindrical container that can be completely filled with solution and then sealed with a small semipermeable membrane at one end. The device was designed for obtaining the low substrate feed rates required for multiple cultures of microbes. 

Differences between both tests result from the different test principles. Biosensors use either a pure culture of microbes or a defined combination of several species of microorganisms with a fixed metabolic state, whereas for the conventional method an undefined bacterial population derived from activated sludge is used. In Sect. 3.2.1.3 it is shown that this obstacle can at least partly be overcome by the selection of suitable microorgaiusms for the BOD-sensor design. 

Pure cultures of microbes also called hanks of microbes Fully genetically identified micro-organisms are stored and used as references for testing laboratories to characterise their homemade strains . They could be compared to banks of pure chemical reference substances. These microbes are living organisms maintained in a few reference laboratories, which will realise the identification work of strains sent by testing laboratories. 

Antibiotics are substances that inhibit the growth of microorganisms (antimetabolites) or their replication (a bacteriostatic effect). They were tracfi-tionally obtained by extracting them from cultures of microbes. However, most drugs on the market today are semisynthetic derivatives of natural... 

The degradation of a synthetic fluoroquinolone, danofloxacin, in 72 pure cultures of microbes commoifly found in soil was investigated [17]. This synthetic compound is exclusively used for veterinary medicine and can con-... 

Consists of polysaccharides produced by a culture of microbes. The manufacturing method is patented by Kelco Co. [2] because it has excellent transparency and heat resistance, it is used for room and car applications where aesthetic aspects are important. 

Laboratory tests on samples exposed to actual plant liquids or simulated environments should be done only when testing in the actual operating environment cannot be done. When MIC is a factor in the test, microbial communities from the actual environment of interest must be used. Pure cultures of single types of microbes cannot provide conditions present in the actual operating environment. 

Rudd, T., Sterritt, R.M., and Lester, J.N., Mass balance of heavy metal uptake by encapsulated cultures of Klebsiella aerogenes, Microb Ecol, 9 (3), 261-272, 1983. 

Nam IH, Kim YM, Chang YS (2007) Decolorization of reactive dyes by a thermostable laccase produced by Ganoderma lucidum in solid state culture. Enzyme Microb Technol 40 1662-1672... 

Early examples of biotransformation using microbes and defined chemical substrates began to become established in the mid-nineteenth century. Pasteur noted in 1858 that when a solution of an ammonium salt of ( )-tartaric acid was fed to a culture of the mould Penicillium glaucum the (+)-tartaric acid was consumed, leaving the ( )-tartaric acid. 

Biological. Under aerobic conditions, soil microbes are capable of degrading 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene to 1,2- and 1,3-dichlorobenzene and carbon dioxide (Kobayashi and Rittman, 1982). A mixed culture of soil bacteria or a Pseudomonas sp. transformed 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene to 2,3,4-, 3,4,5-, and 2,3,6-trichlorophenol (Ballschiter and Scholz, 1980). 

Chen J, Zhang Y et al (2007) Biodegradation of polyvinyl alcohol by a mixed microbial culture. Enzyme Microb Technol 40 1686-1691... 

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