Hydrogen isotopic fractionation

Kinetic isotope effects are an important factor in the biology of deuterium. Isotopic fractionation of hydrogen and deuterium in plants occurs in photosynthesis. The lighter isotope is preferentially incorporated from water into carbohydrates and tipids formed by photosynthesis. Hydrogen isotopic fractionation has thus become a valuable tool in the elucidation of plant biosynthetic pathways (42,43). 

Mancini SA, AC Ulrich, G Lacrampe-Couloume, B Sleep, EA Edwards, BS Lollar (2003) Carbon and hydrogen isotopic fractionation during anaerobic biodegradation of benzene. Appl Environ Microbiol 69 191-198. 

Two strains for which the mechanism of biodegradation of benzene had not been established were examined for carbon and hydrogen isotope fractionation (Hunkeler et al. 2001). Valnes for Acinetobacter sp. mABurkholderia sp. were, respectively, -1.46 and 3.53 ppm for carbon and 12.8 and -11.2 ppm for hydrogen. Values of and 8 H for benzene differed from various sources, and it was pointed out that these differences should be taken into consideration. 

Ward JAM, JME Ahad, G Lacrampe-Couloume, GF Slater, EA Edwards, BS Lollar (2000) Hydrogen isotope fractionation of toluene potential for direct verification of bioremediation. Environ Sci Technol 34 4577-4581. 

Graham, C.M., Sheppard, S.M.F. and Healton, T.H.E. (1980) Experimental hydrogen isotope studies, I. Systematics of hydrogen isotope fractionation in the system epidote-H20, zoisite-H20 and AIO(OH)-H2O. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 44, 353-364. 

Chikaraishi, Y., Naraoka, H. and Poulson, S. R. (2004a) Carbon and hydrogen isotopic fractionation during lipid biosynthesis in a higher plant (Cryptomeria japonica). Phytochemistry 65, 323. 

Sessions, A. L., Jahnke, L. L., Schimmelmann, A. and Hayes, J. M. (2002) Hydrogen isotope fractionation in lipids of the methane oxidizing bacterium Methylococcus capsulatus. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 66, 3955. 

Driesner T, Ha TK, Seward TM (2000) Oxygen and hydrogen isotope fractionation by hydration complexes of LT, Na+, K+, F, CL, and Br A theoretical study. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 64 3007-3033... 

Horita J, Cole DR, Polyakov VB, Driesner T (2002) Experimental and theoretical study of pressure effects on hydrogen isotope fractionation in the system brucite-water at elevated temperatures. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 66 3769-3788... 

The hydrogen isotope fractionation between OH-bearing minerals and water is a sensitive function of T Figure 11.34 shows the experimental results of Suzu-oki and Epstein (1976). The interpolant expressions for muscovite-water, biotite-water, and hornblende-water in the T range 450 to 850 °C are... 

Suzuoki and Epstein, 1976), where X i, X g, and Xp are molar fractions of sixfold coordinated cations. Equation 1.162 implies that hydrogen isotope fractionation among coexisting mica and amphibole is temperature independent and... 

Capuano R. M. (1992). The temperature dependence of hydrogen isotope fractionation between clay minerals and water Evidence from a geopressured system. Geochim. Cos-mochim. Acta, 56 2547-2554. 

Liu K. K. and Epstein S. (1984). The hydrogen isotope fractionation between kaolinite and water. Chem. Geol. (Isot. Geosci. Sec.)., 2 335-350. 

Horita and Wesolowski (1994) have summarized experimental results for the hydrogen isotope fractionation between liquid water and water vapor in the temperature range 0-350°C (see Eig. 2.3). Hydrogen isotope fractionations decrease rapidly with increasing temperatures and become zero at 220-230°C. Above the crossover temperature, water vapor is more enriched in deuterium than liquid water. Fractionations again approach zero at the critical temperature of water (Fig. 2.3). 

Isotope effects of this kind are relevant for an understanding of the isotope composition of clay minerals and absorption of water on mineral surfaces. The tendency for clays and shales to act as semipermeable membranes is well known. This effect is also known as ultraliltration . Coplen and Hanshaw (1973) postulated that hydrogen isotope fractionations may occur during ultraliltration in such a way that the residual water is emiched in deuterium due to its preferential adsorption on the clay minerals and its lower diffusivity. 

Matsuo S, Friedman 1, Smith G1 (1972) Studies of Quaternary saline lakes. 1. Hydrogen isotope fractionation in saline minerals. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 36 427 35 Mattey DP, Carr RH, Wright IP, PUlinger CT (1984) Carbon isotopes in submarine basalts. Earth Planet Sci Lett 70 196-206... 

Suzuoki T, Epstein S (1976) Hydrogen isotope fractionation between OH-bearing minerals and water. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 40 1229-1240 Swart PK, Bums SJ, Leder 11 (1991) Eractionation of the stable isotopes of oxygen and carbon in carbon dioxide during the reaction of caldte with phosphoric acid as a function of temperature and technique. Chem Geol 86 89-96... 

Stable isotope fractionation was predicted and calculated by Urey and coworkers as early as 1932. Bigeleisen (1961) dealt with the statistical mechanics of isotope effects. Hydrogen isotope fractionation is mainly connected with the processes in the hydrosphere, but its equilibrium and kinetic effects were also studied for water of crystallization, ore-forming fluids, as represented by liquid inclusions, and biological cycles. 

TS. Rhee, C.A.M. Brenninkmeijer, T. Rockmann, Hydrogen isotope fractionation in the photolysis of formaldehyde, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. 7 (2007) 12715-12750. 

Alperin M. J., Reeburgh W. S., and Whiticar M. J. (1988) Carbon and hydrogen isotope fractionation resulting from anaerobic methane oxidation. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 2, 279-288. 

Gray J., Couloume-Lacrampe G., Gandhi D., Scow K., Wilson R. D., MacKay D. M., and Lollar S. B. (2002) Carbon and hydrogen isotopic fractionation during biodegradation of methyl tert-butyl ether. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36(9), 1931-1938. 

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