Crushing strength, compression/compaction

For the two explosive loading systems used, the initial pressure wave into the powder is relatively low, varying from perhaps 1.5-4 GPa. In such cases the most relevant compression characteristic of the powder compact is its crush strength , i.e., the pressure required to compress the porous compact to solid density. In the simulations, this strength can be varied over a wide range with the P-a model. The wavespeed of the initial waves was modeled on the basis of shock-compression data on rutile at densities from 44% to 61% of solid density [74T02]. 

Compaction simulators are most commonly used to replicate the compaction process of a rotary tablet press. Manufacturing parameters, such as production speed, dwell lime, compression force, precompression force are often studied using a relatively small quantity of bulk powder. These parameters can significantly affect tablet crushing strength, friability, and disintegration time. The relationship among compaction pressure. 

Compression force is the major driving force in the powder densification process. The rate and extent of the applied force on the powder bed not only affects the way panicles physically deform but also determines the integrity of the compact formed (crushing strength/tensile strength). 

Binder is needed for forming extrudates. Besides water, colloidal alumina, silica, or cellulose are frequently used as binding material. The crush strength of the extrusion is normally weaker than the products granulated by compaction or compression. However, the advantages of extruding are high capacity and low cost. 

In most spectroscopic studies, the solids to be studied are usually compressed to form pellets under pressures around 1.5-2 kbar. From an academic point of view, the stability of MTS towards pressure is very important, since most spectroscopic studies of lattice groups or adsorbed probes might be affected by a degradation of MTS during compression. For industrial applications compaction is crucial to handle the powder. Thus the mechanical properties of MTS are a very sensitive topic if we think about the future of these materials. Solids with such high porosity and small wall thickness are very likely to be crushed. Previous studies point out a very weak mechanical strength of MTS [3,4J which can jeopardize further industrial development. It has been demonstrated that these materials have the lowest mechanical stability among the... 

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