Anterior cruciate ligament radiograph

Colombet P, Robinson J, Christel P et al (2006) Morphology of anterior cruciate ligament attachments for anatomic reconstruction a cadaveric dissection and radiographic study. Arthroscopy 22 984—992... 

Zantop T, Welhnann M, Fu FH, Petersen W (2008) Tunnel positioning of anteromedial and posterolateral bundles in anatomic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction anatomic and radiographic findings. Am J Sports Med 36(l) 65-72. doi 10.1177/0363546507308361... 

Magnussen RA, Mansour AA, Carey JL, Spindler KP (2009) Meniscus status at anterior cruciate ligament reconstmction associated with radiographic signs of osteoarthritis at 5- to 10-year follow-up a systematic review. J Knee Surg 22 347-357... 

The dislocation is described according to the direction of tibial displacement relative to the femur. Anterior dislocation is the commonest type, and is associated with disruption of the anterior cruciate ligament, the posterior joint capsule and popliteal artery damage. Posterior dislocation can also be associated with arterial injury. Rotary or posterolateral dislocation is caused by force abduction and internal rotation. On the lateral radiograph, the femoral condyle is in profile but the tibia is rotated posterolaterally and the proximal tibiofibular joint is seen in its entirety. An early complete assessment and documentation of the neurovascular status of the leg distally is vital. Also look for signs of compartment syndrome. 

Von Porat, A., 2004. High prevalence of osteoarthritis 14 years after an anterior cruciate ligament tear in male soccer players a study of radiographic and patient relevant outcomes. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 63, 269—273. 

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