Anterior cruciate ligament, pattern

In mature tendon, collagen fibril bundles (fibers) have diameters between 1 and 300 mm and fibrils have diameters from 20 to over 280 nm (Figure 3.28). The presence of a crimp pattern in the collagen fibers has been established for rat tail tendon as well as for patellar tendon and anterior cruciate ligament the specific geometry of the pattern, however, differs from tissue to tissue. It is not clear that the crimp morphology of tendon is actually present in tendons that are under normal resting muscular forces. 

Hefzy MS and Grood ES. Sensitivity of insertion locations on length patterns of anterior cruciate ligament fibers. J Biomech Eng. 1986 108 73-82. 

Jadeja H, Yeoh D, Lai M and Mowbray M. Patterns of failure with time of an artificial scaffold class ligament used for reconstruction of the human anterior cruciate ligament. Knee. 2007 14 439 42. 

The heterogeneity of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) was first reported by Palmer [1], who suggested that the parts of the ACL had different roles during flexion-extension movement. In 1975, the anatomical study by Girgis et al. [2] described two bundles of the ACL and observed the tensioning pattern of each... 

Previously, anatomical studies have been performed to know the position of the anatomical anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) insertion [1-18], and the ACL can be divided into two parts the anteromedial (AM) and posterolateral (PL) bundles [1], These bundles have different functimis with different lengths and force-change patterns [19-21], and some biomechanical studies described that anatomical double-bundle (DB) ACL reconstruction achieved equal knee kinematics to those of the intact knee with stability of tibial anterior translation and rotation [22-24]. As a result, anatomical DB ACL reconstruction is a widely used procedure. Femoral... 

There are various patterns in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury [1,2]. Many clinical studies have been conducted on partial ACL tear [3-7]. In these studies, however, the definition of the partial ACL tear has been unclear. The normal ACL... 

Crain EH, Eithian DC, Paxton EW, Lueizow WF (2005) Variation in anterior cruciate ligament scar pattern does the scar pattern affect anterior laxity in anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knees Arthroscopy 21 19-24... 

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