Crosslinked polyacrylic acid

Collagen, poly-L-lysine/serum proteins from cell culture medium Crosslinked polyacrylic acid/polyacrylamide multilayer films, PEG Coculture of rat adrenal medulla cells and mouse fibroblasts L929 Photopatteming of polyelectrolyte multilayer film 2009 [110]... 

Poultice is a drug-in-adhesive type of TDS and is very popular in Eastern countries. The hydrogel PSA is a base adhesive for poultice, as well as for skin care cosmetic sheets. A hydrogel adhesive is an ionically crosslinked polyacrylic acid swelling in a water-glycerin mixture. In addition, poultice formulation also... 

U.S. 5229026 (1993) [57] Dixit et al. (Colgate-Palmolive) High-molecular-weight crosslinked polyacrylic acid K Na ratio >1 1 incorporated air bubbles fatty acid or salt Exceptional physical stability low bottle residue low cup leakage improved cleaning... 

If the resin has microbeads of crosslinked polyacrylic acid embedded in a matrix of poly(vinyl benzyl chloride) aminated with dimethyl amine, the amphoteric IPN can absorb salts from water in a thermally reversible manner ... 

Phase transitions in polymer-polymer and gel-linear polymer systems consisting of complexes of acrylic acid/butyl vinyl ether copolymers with linear and crosslinked poly-N-vinyIpyrrolidone, 1,2,5-trimethyl-4-vinylethynylpiperidinol-4/N-vinylpyrrolidone copolymer with linear and crosslinked polyacrylic acid, polyacrylic acid with crosslinked poly-N-vinylcaprolactam taking place as a function of internal (composition of copolymers) and external (thermodynamic quality of solvents, degree of ionization, temperature) factors have been investigated. In most cases the analogy in behavior of interpolymer complexes in a solution and gel-polymer complexes is observed. 

Crosslinked polyacrylic acid (CPAA) and sodium salt of polyacrylic acid (CPAANa) were synthesized from the corresponding monomers by radical polymerization in the presence of dinitrylazoisobenzoic acid as initiator (C=5 10 mol/L) at 353 K during one hour. Methylenebisacrylamide (C=0.05 mol.%) was used as crosslinking agent. The three-dimensional polymerization was carried out in an argon atmosphere in a glass tube. Crosslinked samples... 

Whereas PVA fleeces are used only in primary cells polyamide fleeces compete with polyolefin, preferably polypropylene fleeces. The latter are more stable at higher temperatures and do not contribute to electrolyte carbonation, but they wet only after a pretreatment either by fluorination [131] or by coating and crosslinking with hydrophilic substances (e.g., polyacrylic acid [132]) on the surface of the fiber. 

Thus, polymethacrylic acid undergoes net scission on gamma radiolysis with a G-value of approximately 4, while polyacrylic acid, on the other hand, undergoes net crosslinking with a G-value of approximately 1.2 (7). Crosslinking in polyacrylic acid is favourable because of the formation of main chain radicals. These can react to form crosslinks between polymer chains. 

A list of typical commercial pervaporation membranes [23] is given in Table 3.1. Commercial hydrophilic membranes are very often made of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), with differences in the degree of crosslinking. Commercial hydrophobic membranes often have a top layer in polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS). However, a wide variety of membrane materials for pervaporation can be found in the literature, including polymethylglutamate, polyacrylonitrile, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylpyrrolidone, styrene-butadiene rubber, polyacrylic acid, and many others [24]. A comprehensive overview of membrane materials for pervaporation is given by Semenova et al. [25],... 

Gross [3] incorporated pendant polyalcohols onto polyacrylic acid, (111), and poly L-glutamic acid, (IV), without crosslinking side reactions, by catalyzing with the enzyme Novozyme-435. 

Empirical formula calcium polycarbophil is the calcium salt of polyacrylic acid crosslinked with divinyl glycol. 

Figure 3-32. (B) The assembly of an electroswitchable, electrically-contacted electrode for the bioelectrocatalyzed reduction of O2 consisting of a crosslinked affinity complex of cytochrome c/cytochrome oxidase (cyt c/COx) on a polyacrylic acid-polyethylene imine film that includes incorporated Cu -ions. The conductivity of the film and the electrical contacting of the redox-proteins is accomphshed by applying a potential of -0.5 V vs. SCE and the generation of Cu-clusters in the film. Reproduced with permission from ref. 89. Copyright 2003 American Chemical Society.

Fabric treatment composition that contains a polyfunctional molecule, such as derived from polyacrylic acid, in combination with a urea-derived compound. During pressing or ironing of the fabric, the urea-derived compound is said to crosslink the polyfunctional molecule and thereby provide crease resistance to the fabric... 

Choosing a block-copolymer with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains as the amphiphilic substance, the appHcation of suitable linking methods can lead to the formation of an irreversibly closed capsule around every single nanotube. The reaction with a diamine linker may for instance initiate a crosslinking in the polyacryhc acid domains of an amphiphilic polystyrene/polyacrylic acid copolymer. Upon addition of water to a solution in DMF the latter form micelles with the nanotubes in the center. Contrary to the simple micelles mentioned in the previous paragraph, the crossHnked species can be dried and redispersed. 

The first element of this definition requires that the substance consist of a minimum of three repeat units of monomer(s) in reacted form bonded to another monomer or other reactant [9]. Other reactants, in this case, may not necessarily be monomers, but are incorporated into the polymer to provide a particular function. Other reactants may include a free-radical initiator used to initiate a vinyl-free radical polymerisation (e.g., peroxide used to make polyethylene or polyacrylic acid), a chain transfer agent used to control molecular weight, e.g., mercaptan used in free-radical polymerisations, or crosslinkers used to build molecular weight, e.g., divinyl benzene. 

Jabbari, E. and Nozari, S. 2000. Swelling behavior of acrylic acid hydrogels prepared by y-radiation crosslinking of polyacrylic acid in aqueous solution. Eur Polym J. 36 2685-2692. 

Table I. Salt Absorption of Polyacrylic Acid Gels (a) Gels with crosslink density of 3.5x10 (mole/cm )...

Definition Calcium sait of polyacrylic acid crosslinked with divinyi giycoi Empin cal (C2oHi8Ca40i8)n Properties Wh. to creamy wh. powd. insol. in water, dil. acids, dil. alkalis, common org. soivs. Toxicology LD50 (oral, rat) 20 g/kg Uses Bulking agent for pharmaceutical laxatives... 

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