Creosote contamination

Mohammed SA, Sorensen DL, Sims RC, et al. 1998. Pentachlorophenol and phenanthrene biodegradation in creosote contaminated aquifer material. Chemosphere 37(1) 103-111. 

Deschenes L, P Lafrance, J-P Villeneuve, R Samson (1996) Adding sodium dodecyl sulfate and Pseudomonas aeruginosa UG2 biosurfactants inhibits polycyclic hydrocarbon biodegradation in a weathered creosote-contaminated soil. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 46 638-646. 

The addition of a rhamnolipid biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa stain ATIO apparently reduced the extent of degradation by endogenous bacteria of benz[fl]anthracene and chrysene in a creosote-contaminated soil (Vinas et al. 2005). 

Davis MW, JA Glaser, JW Evans, RT Lamer (1993) Field evaluation of the lignin-degrading fungus Phanerochaete sordida to treat creosote-contaminated soil. Environ Sci Technol 27 2572-2576. 

Ellis B, P Harold, H Kronberg (1991) Bioremediation of a creosote-contaminated site. Environ Sci Technol 12 447-459. 

Mueller JG, PJ Chapman, PH Pritchard (1989) Creosote-contaminated sites. Their potential for bioremediation. Environ Sci Technol 23 1197-1201. 

Mueller JG, SE Lantz, BO Blattmann, PJ Chapman (1991a) Bench-scale evaluation of alternative biological treatment processes for the remediation of pentachlorophenol- and creosote-contaminated materials solid-phase bioremediation. Environ Sci Technol 25 1045-1055. 

Vinas M, 1 Sabate, Ml Espuny, AM Solanas (2005) Bacterial community dynamics and polycyclic aromatic hdrocarbon degradation during bioremediation of heavily creosote-contaminated soil. Appl Environ Microbiol 71 7008-7018. 

Rose, W.L. et al., DNA adducts in hematopoietic tissues and blood of the mummichog, Fundulus heteroclitus, from a creosote-contaminated site in the Elizabeth River, Virginia. 

Eriksson M, Faldt J, Dalhammar G, Borg-Karlson A-K. Determination of hydrocarbons in old creosote contaminated soil using headspace solid phase microextraction and GC-MS. Chemosphere 2001 44 71641-71648. 

Whyte, J.J. Karrow, N.A. Boermans, H.J. Dixon, D.G. Bols, N.C. 2000, Combined methodologies for measuring exposure of rainbow trout (Oncorhvnchus mykiss) to polycycUc aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in creosote contaminated microcosms. Polycyclic Aromat. Compd. 18 ... 

A species of Pseudomonas, isolated from creosote-contaminated soil, degraded 4-methylphenol into 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 4-hydroxybenzoate. Both metabolites were then converted into protocatechuate (O Reilly and Crawford, 1989). In the presence of suspended natural populations from unpolluted aquatic systems, the second-order microbial transformation rate constant determined in the laboratory was reported to be 2.7 + 1.3 x 10 ° L/organism-h (Steen, 1991). 

Chemical contaminants for which full-scale treatment data exist include primarily volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs). These SVOCs include polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), pentachlorophenol (PCP), pesticides, and herbicides. Extremely volatile metals, such as mercury and lead, can be removed by higher temperature thermal desorption systems. The technology has been applied to refinery wastes, coal tar wastes, wood-treating wastes, creosote-contaminated soils, hydrocarbon-contaminated soils, mixed (radioactive and hazardous) wastes, synthetic mbber processing wastes, and paint wastes. 

Relying on the activity of the indigenous microfiora, Tremaine et al. (1994) comparatively evaluated three solid-phase treatment strategies according to their ability to remove PAHs from creosote-contaminated soil. These efforts culminated in an initial biodegradation rate 06) of 122 mg total PAH per kg of soil per day with a starting soil total PAH concentration of 500-14 000 mg/kg. However, when biodegradation data are considered over the entire 12-week incubation period, PAH removal appears to be less extensive removal of the HMW PAHs was not described. 

Full-scale separation/washing and bioslurry reactor operations have been used to treat creosote-contaminated soil at the former Southeastern Wood Preserving Site at Canton, Mississippi (Jerger et al., 1994 Woodhull Jerger, 1994). Here, an estimated 10 500 yd3 of soil and sludge were excavated from various process areas, stabilized with kiln dust and stockpiled for subsequent treatment. Based on the results of preliminary bench studies, four 680 000 liter reactors were eventually established to handle 7050 yd3 of the screened (200-mesh) soil fraction at a solids content of 20-25%. Other oil fractions and waters were handled separately (data and costs not reported). 

Berg, J.D., Nesgard, B., Gunderson, R., Lorentsen, A. Bennett, T.E. (1994). Washing and slurry-phase biotreatment of creosote-contaminated soil. In Bioremediation of Chlorinated and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds, ed. R. E. Hinchee et. al., pp. 489-95. Boca Raton, FL CRC Press. 

Mueller, J.G., Chapman, P.J. Pritchard, P. H. (1989a). Creosote-contaminated sites their potential for bioremediation. Environmental Science Technology, 23, 1197-201. 

Pritchard, P. H., Lantz, S. E., Lin, J-E. Mueller, J. G. (1994). Metabolic and ecological factors affecting the bioremediation of PAH- and creosote-contaminated soil and water. In U.S. EPA Annual Symposium on Bioremediation of Hazardous Wastes Research, Development and Field Evaluations. San Francisco, California, June 28-30, 1994, pp. 129-38. EPA/600/R-94/075. 

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