Coupled with high pressure mass

Kertesz, V., Van Berkel, G.J. (2010) Liquid Microjunction Surface Sampling Coupled with High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry for Analysis of Drugs and Metabolites in Whole-body Thin Tissue Sections. Anal. Chem. 82 5917-5921. 

W.E. Neff, W.C. Byrdwell, Characterization of model triacylglycerol (triolein, trilinolein and trilinolenin) autoxidation products via high performance liquid chromatography coupled with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry, Journal of Chromatography A, 818, 169 186 (1998). 

Henchiz Y. Guillarme D. Martel S. Rudaz S. Veuthey J-L. Carrupt P-A. Fast log P determination by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with UV and mass spectrometry detections. Analytical andBioanalytical Chemistry, 2009, 394, 1919-1630. 

In order to better understand the detailed dynamics of this system, an investigation of the unimolecular dissociation of the proton-bound methoxide dimer was undertaken. The data are readily obtained from high-pressure mass spectrometric determinations of the temperature dependence of the association equilibrium constant, coupled with measurements of the temperature dependence of the bimolecular rate constant for formation of the association adduct. These latter measurements have been shown previously to be an excellent method for elucidating the details of potential energy surfaces that have intermediate barriers near the energy of separated reactants. The interpretation of the bimolecular rate data in terms of reaction scheme (3) is most revealing. Application of the steady-state approximation to the chemically activated intermediate, [(CH30)2lT"], shows that. 

Technological advances of ion-trap mass spectrometers are the ultrahigh-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) and the recently released technique, the Orbitrap Fourier transform mass spectrometry (Hu et al., 2005), which enable the determination of molecular formulae with a high mass resolution and mass accuracy in mixtures. Today these ion-trap mass spectrometers are most frequently coupled with atmospheric pressure ionization (API) techniques such as electrospray ionization (ESI) (e.g., Fievre et al., 1997 Qian et al., 2001 Kujawinski et al., 2002 Llewelyn et al., 2002 Stenson et al., 2002,2003 Fard et al., 2003) or matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) (e.g., Solouki et al.,... 

Hyphenated TLC techniques. TLC has been coupled with other instrumental techniques to aid in the detection, qualitative identification and, occasionally, quantitation of separated samples, and these include the coupling of TLC with high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC/TLC), with Fourier transform infra-red (TLC/FTIR), with mass spectrometry (TLC/ MS), with nuclear magnetic resonance (TLC/NMR) and with Raman spectroscopy (TLC/RS). These techniques have been extensively reviewed by Busch (1996) and by Somsen, Morden and Wilson (1995). The chemistry of oils and fats and their TLC separation has been so well established that they seldom necessitate the use of these coupling techniques for their identification, although these techniques have been used for phospholipid detection. Kushi and Handa (1985) have used TLC in combination with secondary ion mass spectrometry for the analysis of lipids. Fast atom bombardment (FAB) has been used to detect the molecular species of phosphatidylcholine on silica based on the molecular ion obtained by mass spectrometry (Busch et al, 1990). 

Moyer, S.C., O Connor, P.B., and Costello, C.E. (2004) Coupling thin layer chromatography with high pressure matrix assisted laser desorption/ ionization Fourier transform mass sptectrometry for the analysis of ganglioside mixtures. Anal. Chem., 76, 6484-6491. 

GuiUarme, D., Schappler, J., Rudaz, S., and Veuthey, J.L. 2010. Coupling ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. Trends Arud. Chem. 29 15-27. 

IMS analysis is omitted in many designs, in particular in combination with high-pressure (SlO Torr) IMS devices and/or atmospheric pressure ion sources such as ESI. In alternative designs MS2 may be omitted, (b) Schematic drawing of a high-resolution IMS device coupled to a TOE mass spectrometer, (c) Schematic drawing of a mass spectrometer equipped with an IMS drift cell in a quad-EMS-quad arrangement. 

The use of separation techniques, such as gel permeation and high pressure Hquid chromatography interfaced with sensitive, silicon-specific aas or ICP detectors, has been particularly advantageous for the analysis of siUcones in environmental extracts (469,483—486). Supercritical fluid chromatography coupled with various detection devices is effective for the separation of siUcone oligomers that have molecular weights less than 3000 Da. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-sims) is appHcable up to 10,000 Da (487). 

Column reactors can contain a draft tube - possibly filled with a packing characterized by low pressure drop - or be coupled with a loop tube, to make the gas recirculating within the reaction zone (see Fig. 5.4-9). In recent years, the Buss loop reactor has found many applications in two- and three-phase processes About 200 Buss loop systems are now in operation worldwide, also in fine chemicals plants. This is due to the high mass-transfer rate between the gas and the liquid phase. The Buss loop reactor can be operated semibatch-wise or continuously. As a semibach reactor it is mostly used for catalytic hydrogenations. 

W-3 CHF correlation. The insight into CHF mechanism obtained from visual observations and from macroscopic analyses of the individual effect of p, G, and X revealed that the local p-G-X effects are coupled in affecting the flow pattern and thence the CHF. The system pressure determines the saturation temperature and its associated thermal properties. Coupled with local enthalpy, it provides the local subcooling for bubble condensation or the latent heat (Hfg) for bubble formation. The saturation properties (viscosity and surface tension) affect the bubble size, bubble buoyancy, and the local void fraction distribution in a flow pattern. The local enthalpy couples with mass flux at a certain pressure determines the void slip ratio and coolant mixing. They, in turn, affect the bubble-layer thickness in a low-enthalpy bubbly flow or the liquid droplet entrainment in a high-enthalpy annular flow. 

The most commonly used method for the identification of carotenoids is high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPFC) combined with the UV-Vis absorption detection. The introduction of diode array detection enabled parallel collection of pigment spectra, which greatly aids the quantification and localization of unknown compounds. Coupling HPFC with the mass-spectrometer significantly... 

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