Cotton fabrics organic

A significant advance in flame retardancy was the introduction of binary systems based on the use of halogenated organics and metal salts (6,7). In particular, a 1942 patent (7) described a finish for utilizing chlorinated paraffins and antimony(III) oxide [1309-64-4]. This type of finish was invaluable in World War II, and saw considerable use on outdoor cotton fabrics in both uniforms and tents. 

Just as ketones and aldehydes react with water to form hydrates, they also react with alcohols to form acetals.2 Acetals are some of the most common organic compounds in the world. Table sugar, cotton fabric, and a wooden ship are all composed of acetals. We cover these common carbohydrate acetals and their polymers in Chapter 23. 

Andreaus, I, Pereira Ramos, L., and Cavaco-Paulo, A. 2000b. Dry Action of Tricho-derma reesei Cellulases on Cotton fabrics. /. Soc. Dyers Col, 116,121-125. Asakura, T., Adachi, K., and Schwartz, E. 1978. Stabilizing effect of various organic solvents on protein. /. Biol. Chem 255(18), 6423-6425. 

These are tests for determining resistance of materials to fungi and bacteria, respectively. Research by Moreau et al. [488], using ASTM method G21-70, indicates that 100% cotton fabrics after 14 days can be completely degraded. However, the rate of degradation of any product is subject to climatic conditions. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), based in Paris, France, also has test guidelines adopted in 1992 [489]... 

Buffered organic/inorganic metallic blend. General purpose catalyst with minimal effect on physical properties. Will not contribute to odor development and does not discolor finished polyester/cellulose or all-cotton fabrics. Excellent agent for carbamate reactants. 

Flammability. Flammability of cotton fabrics is not a dangerous characteristic, but certain uses require flame resistance. Impregnation of fabrics with certain inorganic salts such as borax-boric acid and ammonium sulfamate and with chlorinated organic compounds has been used. Other methods have been proposed but have not become generally useful. One of these is the urea-phosphate process and another is the Erifon process. 

Enzymatic methods Many research organizations and scientists are working to improve the environment-friendly processing of cotton fabrics with enzymes. The many enzymes are today available for the removal of Impurities in the cotton fibers. For example, alpha amylase is enzyme used for cotton desizing process, pectlnase for pectin removal in cotton fiber and lipase, and protease for fatty substance removal in the cotton fiber treatments. Typical textile wet processing of cotton materials is shown in Fig. 4.6. 

Vigneswaran, C., Ananthasubramanian, M., Anbumani, N., and Rajendran, R. (2012a). Prediction of optimum process parameter to achieve eco-friendly desizing of organic cotton fabrics with indigenously produced alpha-amylase and their enzyme kinetics,... 

Vigneswaran, C., Ananthasubramanian, M., and Anbumani, N. (2012d). Neural network approach for optimizing the bioscouring performance of organic cotton fabric through aerodynamic system, J. Text Apparel Tech. Manag., 7(3), 1-14. 

Figure 24.17 Electrochromic textile-based device using pDTT and an organic electrolyte impregnating a cotton fabric, at its oxidized (left) and reduced (right) states.

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