Chlorine organic compounds with

Solvent extraction followed by gas chromatographic analysis is used to determine paraffin wax antioxidants (qv), ie, butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene and other volatile materials. Trace amounts of chlorinated organic compounds, eg, polychlorinated biphenyls, can be deterrnined by using a gas chromatograph with an electron-capture detector (22). 

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) include organic compounds with appreciable vapor pressure. They make up a major class of air pollutants.I his class includes not only pure hydrocarbons but also partially oxidized hydrocarbons (organic acids, aldehydes, ketones), as well as organics containing chlorine, sulfur, nitrogen, or other atoms in the molecule. 

The pulp and paper industry is the largest industrial process water user in the U.S.5 In 2000, a typical pulp and paper mill used between 15,140 and 45,420 L (4000 to 12,000 gal) of water per ton of pulp produced. 1 2 3 4 General water pollution concerns for pulp and paper mills are effluent solids, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and color. Toxicity concerns historically occurred from the potential presence of chlorinated organic compounds such as dioxins, furans, and others (collectively referred to as adsorbable organic halides, or AOX) in wastewaters after the chlorination/ extraction sequence. With the substitution of chlorine dioxide for chlorine, discharges of the chlorinated compounds have decreased dramatically. 

Potential environmental hazards from wastewater sludges are associated with trace constituents (e.g., chlorinated organic compounds) that partition from the effluent into the sludge. It should be noted, however, that recent trends away from elemental chlorine bleaching have reduced these hazards. A continuing concern is the very high pH (>12.5) of most residual wastes. When these wastes are disposed of in an aqueous form, they may meet the RCRA definition of a corrosive hazardous waste.24... 

Kirkpatrick, M.J., Finney, W.C. and Locke, B.R. (2003) Chlorinated organic compound removal by gas phase pulsed streamer corona electrical discharge with reticulated vitreous carbon electrodes, Plasmas and Polymers 8, 165-77. 

After many attempts with several anode materials we found a stable anode. Silicon carbide and iron silicide, etc. in a conducting form are stable towards chlorine. The chlorine formed on the anode then reacts with the solvent (THF) forming chlorinated organic compounds. 

Pyral A process for destroying toxic waste oiganochlorine compounds. The wastes are mixed with carbon and sodium carbonate and injected into a graphite-lined arc furnace. Metallic sodium, formed by reduction of the sodium carbonate by the carbon, attacks the chlorinated organic compounds, forming sodium chloride. Developed by Hydro-Quebec in the late 1980s but not yet commercialized. 

Baxter, R.M. Reductive dechlorination of certain chlorinated organic compounds by reduced hematin compared with their behaviour in the environment, Chemosphere, 21(4/5) 451-458, 1990. 

Treatment of organic compounds with sulfur tetrafluoride, hydrogen fluoride and approximately an equimolar amount of chlorine results in chlorofluorination giving high yields of chlorolluoro derivatives. 

The classification of many chlorinated organic compounds as EPA priority pollutants is based on their toxicity combined with environmental persistence. 

Dehalogenation occurs by either the replacement of halogen molecules or the destruction of the contaminant. Soil and sediment that are contaminated with chlorinated organic compounds, especially PCBs, dioxins, and furans, can be remediated through dehalogenation. The contaminated soil is screened, processed with a crusher and pug mill, and mixed with sodium bicarbonate. The mixture is heated to above 330°C (630°F) in a reactor to partially decompose and volatilize the contaminants. The volatilized contaminants are captured, condensed, and treated separately. 

Chlorinated organic compounds present in water, due to their carcinogenic nature, have become a great concern with respect to human health. Such substances are formed when humic acids react with chlorine in disinfection processes. Ozonation alone is generally not suited for the complete oxidation of chlorinated compounds because scavenger compounds such as acetic acid, formic acid, and oxalic acid can form and accumulate as by-products in the... 

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