Costs reducing/minimizing

To guarantee shipment on time, you either need to maintain an adequate inventory of finished goods for shipment on demand or utilize only predictable processes and obtain sufficient advanced order information from your customer. When you examine some of the requirements in ISO/TS 16949, you may be tempted to question how you can continually improve performance, reduce costs, and minimize space, material travel, equipment downtime, process variation, etc. and meet 100% on-time shipments. You can t, unless you have a partnership with your customer in which there is mutual assistance to meet common objectives. Without sufficient lead time on orders you will be unlikely to meet the target. However, the standard does acknowledge that you may not always be successful. There will be matters outside your control and matters over which you need complete control. It is the latter that you can do something about and take corrective action should the target not be achieved. 

The best solution to effluent problems is to not produce the waste in the first place through clean process technology. If waste can be minimized at source, not only are effluent treatment costs reduced but also raw materials costs. 

Dewatering of the site prior to weU installation is not necessary. This can allow for cost savings over traditional vertical well installations (D140465). In addition, the weUs can be installed at predetermined levels to minimize the amount of groundwater removal and reduce the associated treatment costs. Reduced removal volumes occur when the well passes through the highest concentrations of contaminants (D18293Y, p. 1). 

Compliance with proper operational procedures and following a careful maintenance program can also reduce desalination costs by minimizing the replacement of damaged membranes, reducing the use of cleaning chemicals, and reducing the... 

Cost analysis indicated that the total treatment system residence time should be kept below about 30 minutes (qualitative reduction in civil costs) while minimizing the number of CSTRs (low marginal cost with volume and substantial cost per unit). Additional cost reductions could be obtained by reducing the total residence time further. 

Removing reaction water directly from the reactor improves reaction conditions—the reaction runs faster, lower residence times suffice, equipment costs are minimized, and side reactions are reduced. No third column is required and product quality is better. 

The selection of pharmaceutical products based on a national formulary or on the essential medicines list is recommended. WHO s Model Formulary (15 and Model Essential Medicines List 4) identify the most cost-effective and affordable pharmaceutical products to treat prevailing health problems. They are updated regularly and are made freely available for adaptation by countries. The health systems of many industrialized and developing countries have used the essential medicines concept for decades to use existing resources effectively. Because the use of a national formulary reduces the number of products used, supply management activities and inventorycarrying costs are minimized. 

The plant economics almost always end up as costs on controller CVs or MVs or both. They tell the controller which variables to minimize and which ones to maximize to achieve the proper objective (e.g., increased profit, reduced cost, reduced environmental cost, and so forth). 

Because the computational cost required to evaluate Eq. (91) grows only linearly with the size of the system, the cost of minimizing /Lks.m would reduce to linear scaling with respect to system size if we could similarly restrict integrations over the coordinates in Eq. (89) to... 

The use of a certain daily minimum tonnage of activated carbon is necessary to warrant the capital cost and the expense of operating reactivation equipment. Reactivation would be neither practicable nor economic for many who use activated carbon. For those that use large tonnages of powdered carbon, however, an efficient method of reactivation could lower costs, reduce the size of needed inventories, and minimize problems for the disposal of spent carbon. 

Much interest has been focused on ways to reduce the drying times of the freeze drying process so that the proportional amortization and operating costs are minimized. Thus, there has been considerable interest in investigating the factors affecting the batch time of freeze dryers, since this variable is most amenable to control, and efforts have been made to minimize the batch time [1,6,9,12,37,42,59,76,78,79,82,83]. 

Energy consumption for the process is small and the capital costs are minimized SSD provides easier recovery of solvents and particulates Lack of oxygen significantly reduces fire and explosion hazards... 

V. Less solvent consumption, and by reducing process cycle times decreases the operation cost and minimizes carryover... 

The driving force for small nanoparticle catalysts is reduced cost by minimizing inactive non-surface atoms, which is the basis of most low Pt approaches. Yu and Pickup investigated the coverage dependence of Pb and Sb on commercial 40 wt% Pt supported on carbon in situ in a formic acid/02 fuel cell [29]. They found optimal coverages of 0.7 for both types of adatoms. The performance of both PtSb/C and PtPb/C far exceeded that of Pt/C. After nearly a 2 h hold at 0.6 V under fuel cell operation, the performance increase over Pt/C was 15- and 12.8-fold, respectively. Figure 4.2 is a comparison of fuel cell performance at 0.6 V as a function of adatom... 

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