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Cosolvents solubilization

Li A, Andren AW, Yalkowsky SH (1996) Choosing a cosolvent Solubilization of naphthalene and cosolvent properties. Environ Toxicol Chem 15 2233-2239 Lin ZQ, Schemenauer RS, Cervinka V, Zayed A, Lee A, Terry N (2000) Selenium volatilization from a sod-plant system for the remediation of contaminated water and soil in the San Joaquin Valley. J Environ Quality 29 1048-1056 Lindsay WL (1979) Chemical equilibria in soils. Wiley, New York... [Pg.391]

Yalkowsky, Rubino, and others [63-67] have further studied log-linear cosolvent solubilization. For organic solutes in propylene glycol-water mixtures, Yalkowsky and Rubino found that the following equation... [Pg.166]

Eq. (4) predicts that an exponential increase in solubility of a non-polar compound occurs as the volume fraction of cosolvent is increased. However, dilution of a cosolvent-solubilized preparation with an aqueous medium, such as blood or intravenous (IV) infusion... [Pg.811]

Fig. 4 Illustration of the effect of dilution of cosolvent-solubilized formulations with an aqueous medium. (See text for explanation.)... Fig. 4 Illustration of the effect of dilution of cosolvent-solubilized formulations with an aqueous medium. (See text for explanation.)...
Liquid solubilizers act by reducing the dielectric constant properties of the solvent system, thereby reducing the electrical conductance capabilities of the solvent and increasing the solubility of hydrophobic or non-polar drugs. Lanoxin, Valium, and Nembutal are examples of commercially available sterile solutions containing cosolvent solubilizers. A popular combination consists of 40% propylene glycol and 10 /o ethanol in water. [Pg.1273]

Fig. 4 Typical cosolvent solubilization curves for a nonpolar drug. (A) Log-linear scale. (B) Linear scale. Fig. 4 Typical cosolvent solubilization curves for a nonpolar drug. (A) Log-linear scale. (B) Linear scale.
As exemplified by the case of oxfenicine, the solubilization approach by cosolvent mixtures appears not to be usefnl for polar drug substances simply becanse they are less soluble in non-polar solvents than they are in water. Electrolytes are at least partly ionized, and therefore they exhibit pH-dependent solubility in aqueous media, while the fraction of the less water-soluble, non-ionized species may benefit from cosolvent solubilization as shown in the... [Pg.792]

Homogeneous solutions are the preferred formulation systems for parenteral administration because they can be easily visually inspected for the absence of particulate matter. For this reason, cosolvent solubilization is the first choice for parenteral products once purely aqueous systems provide insufficient solvency. The compositions of three commercial, injectable products are given in Table 39.5. The first product (1) has a low percentage of cosolvent in the separate solvent ampoule. The drug substance is provided as a dry powder because of its limited stability in solution. The second one (2) is solubiUzed with two cosolvents amounting to 50% of the total volume, whereas in the third product the drug dose is dissolved in a water-free mixture of cosolvents. This draws the attention to a further point to consider when cosolvents are employed in formulations. The formulation has to be devised such that the effect of dilution of... [Pg.792]

TABLE 39.5 Compositions of Cosolvent-Solubilized Drug Products... [Pg.793]

EINECS 249-793-7 2-Ethylhexyl 12-hydroxy octa-decanoate 2-Ethylhexyl 12-hydroxystearate Octa-decanoic acid, 12-hydroxy-, 2-ethylhexyl ester Wickenol 171. Emollient, nxiistunzer, pigment wetter/dispersant increases water vapor porosity of fatty components used in cosmetic and topical pharmaceutic preparations refattfng agent, counterirritant, cosolvent, solubilizer. CasChem. [Pg.454]

Table 37.4 Composition of cosolvent-solubilized drug products... Table 37.4 Composition of cosolvent-solubilized drug products...
Uses Emollient, cosolvent, solubilizer for cosmetics, pharmaceutical topicals emulsifier, lubricant, antistat, defoamerfor metalworking, textiles, plastics, paper Manuf./Distrib. A8iE Connock http //WWW. connock. co. uk Trade Name Synonyms Ceraphyl 140-A [ISP Van Dyk S. Black http //www.sblack.com], Estalan-IDO [Lanaetex Prods.] Estol IDCO... [Pg.2225]

CAS 42131-28-2 EINECS/ELINCS 255-674-0 Synonyms 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid, isostearyl ester Isooctadecyl 2-hydroxypropanoate Definition Ester of isostearyl alcohol and lactic acid Empiricai C21H42O3 Formuia CH3CHOHCOOC18H37 Uses Emollient, substantivity agent, softener, slip agent, lubricant, cosolvent, solubilizer in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals Manuf./Distrib. ASiE Connock http //www. connock. co. uk Trade Name Synonyms Patlac IL [Am. Ingreds. http //www. americaningredients. com, R. I. T.A. http //www.ritacorp.com], Pelemol ISL [Phoenix http //www.phoenix-chem.com] Isostearyl myristate CAS 72576-81-9... [Pg.2280]

Uses Emollient, cosolvent, solubilizer tor cosmetic systems, topical pharmaceuticals, liq. makeup binder tor pressed powd. wetting agent tor iron oxides cleansing agent for emulsions... [Pg.232]

Uses PenetranL hydrotrope, cosolvent, solubilizer, coupling agent, detergent, emulsifier, and wetting agent for iodophors, rinse aids, detergent sterilizers, glass cleaners... [Pg.449]

CAS 629-70-9 61788-49 EINECS/ELINCS 211-103-7 262-980-8 Uses Emollient, lubricant, moisturizer, penetrant, plasticizer, cosolvent, solubilizer, emulsifier for personal cate prods., pharniaceuticals hair and skin softener and conditioner vehicle for medicaments degteaser and detackifier for emulsions Properties Cl. to yel. Ilq., char, bland odor Insol. in water sol. in min. oil, castor oil, veg. oil, alcohol sp. gr. 0.850-0.880 b.p. 450 F acid no. 1 max. iodine no. 10 max. sapon. no. 180-200 hyd. no. 8 max. flash pt. (COC) 340 C 100% cone. Toxicology LD50 (acute toxicity, rats) > 5 g/kg skin (50% sol n.) nonirritating and nonsensitizing in a 50 subject human patch test panel. [Pg.954]

Uses Substantive emollient, slip agent, lubricant, gloss aid in cosmetics cosolvent, solubilizer in perfumes Features Imparts luxurious softness to skin... [Pg.981]

Uses Emollient, softener, gloss aid, lubricant for cosmetics, hair care, skin care, topical pharmaceuticals cosolvent, solubilizer In perfumes lubricant for metalworking and wire drawing pigment dispersant and binder in color cosmetics Features Nonoily... [Pg.982]

Uses Emollient, moisturizer, pigment wetting agent/dispersant, refatting agent, counterirritant, cosolvent, solubilizer in cosmetics, topical pharmaceuticals Features Increases water vapor porosity of fatty components Properties Gardner 2+ color sol. in acetone, castor, corn, and min, oil, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol pour pt. 5 C acid no. 0.30 ref index 1456 Wickenol 535 [AIzo]... [Pg.1222]

Uses Emollient, cosolvent, solubilizer for cosmetics, pharmaceutical topicals ... [Pg.2167]

Uses Dispersant, emulsifier, wetting agent, cosolvent, solubilizer, thickener, emollient, opacifier, spreading agent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, foods, agric., plastics, other industries defoamer in food-contact paper/paperboard in resinous/ polymeric food-contact coatings in resin-bonded filters for food contact in food-contsct tsxtiiss... [Pg.2287]

See other pages where Cosolvents solubilization is mentioned: [Pg.1235]    [Pg.501]    [Pg.3321]    [Pg.790]    [Pg.793]    [Pg.633]    [Pg.636]    [Pg.790]    [Pg.793]    [Pg.3104]    [Pg.81]    [Pg.1511]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.806 ]



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