Hydroxypropanoic acid, 2-

3-Hydroxypropanoic acid (3HPA) is under development as a future platform chemical and monomer derived from biomass. It is, at the present time, not produced on an industrial scale, either chemically or biotechnologically. 3HPA could be a key compound for the production of biomass-derived C3 intermediates, such as acrylic acid, acrylic amide and malonic acid (see Fig. 8.11). Hydrogenation of 3HPA would provide a competing procedure for the production of 1,3PD (see Section 8.2.4) that could be more economical than the DuPont and Shell processes [65]. 

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Methanoic acid Ethanoic acid Octadecanoic acid 2 Hydroxypropanoic acid... 

Lactic acid [50-21-5] (2-hydroxypropanoic acid), CH CHOHCOOH, is the most widely occurring hydroxycarboxylic acid and thus is the principal topic of this article. It was first discovered ia 1780 by the Swedish chemist Scheele. Lactic acid is a naturally occurring organic acid that can be produced by fermentation or chemical synthesis. It is present ia many foods both naturally or as a product of in situ microbial fermentation, as ia sauerkraut, yogurt, buttermilk, sourdough breads, and many other fermented foods. Lactic acid is also a principal metaboHc iatermediate ia most living organisms, from anaerobic prokaryotes to humans. 

Oxidation. Monochloroacetic acid [79-11-8] may be synthesized by the reaction of ethylene chlorohydrin with nitric acid [7697-37-2]. Yields of greater than 90% are reported (41). >Beta-chlorolactic acid (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropanoic acid) [1713-85-5] is produced by the reaction of nitric acid with glycerol monochlorohydrin (42). Periodic acid [10450-60-9] and glycerol monochlorohydfin gives chloroacetaldehyde [107-20-0] ia 50% yield (43). 

For some years, this type of vehicle was used in anionic electro deposition primers. However for automobiles cationic electro deposition primers are now preferred. The vehicles for cationic primers are proprietary but probably consist of the reaction product of epoxy resins and polyfunctional amines solubilized by the conversion of amine groups into salts using an acid such as lactic acid (2-hydroxypropanoic acid) [50-21-5] Alcohol-blocked... 

Chemical Designations - Synonyms 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid alpha-Hydroxypropionic acid Milk acid Racemic acid Chemical Formula CHjCHOHCOOH-HjO. 

Molecules that are not identical to their mirror images are kinds of stereoisomers called enantiomers (Greek encmtio, meaning "opposite"). Enantiomers are related to each other as a right hand is related to a left hand and result whenever a tetrahedral carbon is bonded to four different substituents (one need not be H). For example, lactic acid (2-hydroxypropanoic acid) exists as a pair of enantiomers because there are four different groups (—H, -OH, - CH3, -C02H) bonded to the central carbon atom. The enantiomers are called (-i-)-lactic acid and (-)-lactic acid. Both are found in sour milk, but only the (+) enantiomer occurs in muscle tissue. 

Hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid y-sultone, pi97 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid, LI, L2... 

To illustrate what is meant by optical isomerism, consider lactic acid (2-hydroxypropanoic acid). It contains a tetrahedral carbon atom (shown in black) with four different groups attached. As a result, lactic acid exists as two distinct isomeric forms. 

The condensation of various heterocycles (pyrimidine or purine) with allyl bromide has been effected in the presence of KI. This selectively afforded N-1 isomers with pyrimidines, but N-9, N-3 or N-9, N-7 isomer mixtures with purines (88MIP1 89MI12 91 Mil). Alkyl esters of 3-adenin-9-yl-2-hydroxypropanoic acids were reported as broad-spectrum antiviral agents (85JMC282). 

The names propanoic acid (systematic) and propionic acid (retained) are both approved for the unsubstituted acid. However, the acid CI-CH2-CH2-COOH must be named systematically as 3-chloropropanoic acid. The acid CH3-CH(OH)-COOH is known as lactic acid, if unsubstituted when it is substituted in position 3, for example with chlorine, the name becomes 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropanoic acid. Names such as 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropionic acid or 3-chlorolactic acid are not acceptable. 

Hydroxypropanoic acid 110 EALSE EALSE FALSE FALSE... 

Hydroxypropanoic acid, MeCH(0H)C02H, usually known as lactic acid, is a naturally occurring compound present in many foodstuffs. It is chiral and consequently can be found in two enantiomeric forms (Figure 1). The isomer usually called L-(+)-lactic acid has the (5) absolute configuration and D-(—)-lactic acid has the (it) absolute configuration. 

Hydroxypropanenitrile, see 2-Cyanoethanol, 1177 2-Hydroxypropane-l,2,3-tricarboxylic acid, see Citric acid, 2383 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid, see Lactic acid, 1230 iV-Hydroxysuccinimide, 1465... 

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