Cortex cingulate gyrus

Entorrhinal cortex Cingulate gyrus Anterior frontal cortex... 

Carboni et al. (2000) reported increased DA output in the prefrontal cortex during mecamylamine-precipitated withdrawal. The striatum appears to become insensitive to nicotine during withdrawal, as indicated by loss of the cFos response to nicotine. This was also true of a limbic region, the cingulate gyrus (Salminen et al. 1999). 

Functional neuroimaging studies provide strong evidence for dysfunction of the cortical-striatal-thalamocortical (CSTC) circuitry. Symptoms of OCD are associated with increased activity in orbitofrontal cortex in neutral state (Swedo et ah, 1989b Baxter, 1994 Saxena et ah, 1998). Increased activity was also noted in some of these studies in anterior cingulate gyrus, caudate nucleus, and thalamus. Horwitz et al. (1991) found that the pattern of intercorrelations between various brain regions in patients with OCD differed from that of controls. 

Hippocampus Hippocampus dentate gyrus Thalamus Cerebellum Cingulate gyrus Temporal cortex Parietal cortex Hippocampus Frontal cortex Medial temporal lobe... 

Cerebellum Cingulate gyrus Temporal cortex Frontal cortex Parietal cortex Prefrontal cortex Prefrontal cortex... 

Anterior Cingulate Gyrus. C Frontal Lobe. D Parietal Lobe. E occipital Lobe (primary visual cortex), f Temporal Lobe most of this area of the cortex is on the outside of the far side of the brain, hidden in this view. G Cerebellum. H Thalamus. Encircling the Thalamus are the Hippocampus, the Amygdala, the Basal Ganglia and other parts of the limbic system. l Pons. 3 Midbrain, area in which are found the various brain stem nuclei including the Raphe Nuclei, the Locus Coeruleus, the Substantia Nigra, etc. K Medulla. 

L Changes in hippocampus, para-hippocampal gyrus, entorhinal cortex, amygdala, cingulate gyrus... 

Abdel-Rahmati. A. A., Shetty, A. K.. and Abou-Donia, M. B. (2002). Disruption of the blood-brain barrier and neuronal cell death in cingulate cortex, dentate gyrus, thalamus, and hypothalamu-s in a rat model of Gulf War syndrome. Neun>l>u i. Dii. 10, 306-326. 

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