Cingulate gyrus

Raphe nuclei A bed of serotonin-containing neurons that extends to the hypothalamus, septum, hippocampus, and cingulate gyrus. 

Cingulate Gyrus Fos response becomes insensitive to nicotine Salminen et al. (1999)... 

Carboni et al. (2000) reported increased DA output in the prefrontal cortex during mecamylamine-precipitated withdrawal. The striatum appears to become insensitive to nicotine during withdrawal, as indicated by loss of the cFos response to nicotine. This was also true of a limbic region, the cingulate gyrus (Salminen et al. 1999). 

Functional neuroimaging studies provide strong evidence for dysfunction of the cortical-striatal-thalamocortical (CSTC) circuitry. Symptoms of OCD are associated with increased activity in orbitofrontal cortex in neutral state (Swedo et ah, 1989b Baxter, 1994 Saxena et ah, 1998). Increased activity was also noted in some of these studies in anterior cingulate gyrus, caudate nucleus, and thalamus. Horwitz et al. (1991) found that the pattern of intercorrelations between various brain regions in patients with OCD differed from that of controls. 

Hippocampus Hippocampus dentate gyrus Thalamus Cerebellum Cingulate gyrus Temporal cortex Parietal cortex Hippocampus Frontal cortex Medial temporal lobe... 

Cerebellum Cingulate gyrus Temporal cortex Frontal cortex Parietal cortex Prefrontal cortex Prefrontal cortex... 

Entorrhinal cortex Cingulate gyrus Anterior frontal cortex... 

Szeszko PR, Bilder RM, Lencz T, Ashtari M, Goldman RS, et al. 2000. Reduced anterior cingulate gyrus volume correlates with executive dysfunction in men with first-episode schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 43 97-108. 

Abnormalities of cingulate gyrus neuroanatomy in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 93 66-78. 

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