Corrosion inhibitors selection

Corrosion inhibitor Selectivity against removal of certain surfaces, corrosion inhibition Benzotriazole (BTA), 3-aminotriazol Du et al. (2004), Krishnan et al. (2010)... 

Simon-Thomas, M.J.J. (2000). Corrosion inhibitors selection Feedback from the field, Paper No. 56, Corrosion, 56, NACE, Texas Houston, USA. 

Garcia, S.J., Muster, T.H., Ozkanat, O., Sherman, N., Hughes, A.E., et al. The influence of pH on corrosion inhibitor selection for 2024-T3 aluminium alloy assessed by high-throughput multielectrode and potentiodynamic testing. ElectrochimicaActa, 2010. 55(7) 2457-2465. 

Rust inhibitors usually are corrosion inhibitors that have a high polar attraction toward metal surfaces and that form a tenacious, continuous film which prevents water from reaching the metal surface. Typical mst inhibitors are amine succinates and alkaline-earth sulfonates. Rust inhibitors can be used in most types of lubricating oils, but factors of selection include possible corrosion of nonferrous metals or formation of emulsions with water. Because mst inhibitors are adsorbed on metal surfaces, an oil can be depleted of its mst inhibitor. In certain cases, it is possible to correct the depletion by adding more inhibitor. 

Extensive work has been done on corrosion inhibitors (140), activated carbon use (141—144), multiple absorption zones and packed columns (145,146), and selective absorption and desorption of gas components (147,148). Alkan olamines can also be used for acid gas removal in ammonia plants (149). 

Selection of Corrosion Inhibitors. When selecting inhibitors for use, it is always important to consider the following useful suggestions ... 

Microbiocides may be toxic to humans therefore, care must be taken when used. When selecting the microbiocide, the field engineer can obtain pertinent information on chemicals from the service company providing the chemicals. The microbiocide selected must be compatible with the system in which it is being used. Some chemicals such as quaternary amines have dual functions one as microbiocides and the other as film-forming corrosion inhibitors. Insufficient concentrations of this type of chemical may not be enough to coat the whole surface of metal and can cause pitting corrosion. The selection must also depend on chemicals that can produce the desired control in minimum time limits and... 

Boilers and steam systems Steel steam lines can be inhibited by the use of a volatile amine-based inhibitor such as ammonia, morpholine or cyclohexylamine introduced with the feedwater. It passes through the boiler and into the steam system, where it neutralizes the acidic conditions in pipework. The inhibitor is chemically consumed and lost by physical means. Film-forming inhibitors such as heterocyclic amines and alkyl sulphonates must be present at levels sufficient to cover the entire steel surface, otherwise localized corrosion will occur on the bare steel. Inhibitor selection must take into account the presence of other materials in the system. Some amine products cause corrosion of copper. If copper is present and at risk of corrosion it can be inhibited by the addition of benzotriazole or tolutriazole at a level appropriate to the system (see also Section 53.3.2). 

An understanding of the basic principles of the science of metallic corrosion is clearly vital for corrosion control, and as knowledge of the subject advances the application of scientific principle rather than an empirical approach may be used for such purposes as the selection of corrosion inhibitors, formulation of corrosion-resisting alloys, etc. 

Britton, C. F., The Selection, Evaluation and Testing of Oil Field Corrosion Inhibitors , Seminar The Development and Use of Corrosion Inhibitors , Oyez Scientific and Technical Services Ltd., London (1983)... 

This pump is the same in principle as the piston type but differs in that the gland is at one end of the cylinder making its replacement easier than with the standard piston type. The sealing of piston and ram pumps has been much improved but, because of the nature of the fluids frequently used, care in selecting and maintaining the seal is very important. The piston or ram pump may be used for injections of small quantities of inhibitors to polymerisation units or of corrosion inhibitors to high pressure systems, and also for boiler feed water applications. 

The common method of treating rod-pumped wells is to periodically batch inhibitor into them. The treatment period for a given well is selected using empirical rules based on well production volumes. A successful and economic corrosion inhibition program must carefully control the inhibitor concentration in the well fluids. Environmental aspects and efficacious inhibitor usage necessitate the measurement of very low corrosion inhibitor concentrations. Inhibitor concentrations as low as one part per million are significant, thus... 

Use of carefully selected surfactants in well treatment fluids is a way to accomplish this. Rock wettability can be altered by adsorption of polar materials such as surfactants and corrosion inhibitors, or by the deposition of polar crude oil components (173). Pressure appears to have little influence on rock wettability (174). The two techniques used to study wettability, contact and and relative permeability measurements, show qualitative agreement (175-177). Deposition of polar asphaltenes can be particularly significant in carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery. 

Uses In flotation agents, resins, dyes, resins, pesticides, rubber chemicals, and pharmaceuticals selective solvent polymerization and corrosion inhibitors petroleum chemicals electroplating organic synthesis. 

Selection of corrosion inhibitors which slow down the transformation of AI2O3 into AlOOH (12-14) ... 

Effect of a selected corrosion inhibitor on the curing of the polymeric coating. 

Platform A will be the sole source of gas supply to the onshore plants for some years and therefore considerable emphasis was placed on selecting a conservative design, minimising corrosion by the use of corrosion inhibitors ond alloy materials ond reducing maintenance downtime by providing 100% standby for items which by their nature will require frequent maintenance or cleoning. 

Lower aliphatic amines are widely used as intermediates for the synthesis of herbicides, insecticides and drugs or can be applied as rubber accelerators, corrosion inhibitors, surface active agents etc. [l]. The most widespread method for the preparation of lower aliphatic amines involves the reaction of ammonia with an alcohol or a carbonyl compound in the presence of hydrogen. The most common catalysts used for reductive amination of alcohols, aldehydes and ketones contain nickel, platinum, palladium or copper as active component [ I — 3 ]. One of the most important issues in the reductive amination is the selectivity control as the product distribution, i.e. the ratio of primary to secondary or tertiary amines, is strongly affected by thermodynamics. 

The surface equipment, pipe, and tubing are of carbon steel. The wall shear stress of the liquid due to the high gas velocity is 90 N/m2. (a) What type of corrosion is encountered (b) What type of protection can be adopted economically (c) If a corrosion inhibitor is adopted, what type of selection tests should be used to choose the right chemical (Pou)... 

Liquid products are approximately 50 to 60 percent water, with the remainder being a combination of surfactants, builders, foam regulators, enzymes and enzyme stabilizers, hydrotropes, antiredeposition polymers, optical brighteners, corrosion inhibitors, dye, and perfume. Two-in-one formulations also contain antistatic and fabric softening ingredients. Liquid systems require careful selection and blending of raw materials to achieve a stable product. Special attention is necessary for the following items. 

Since corrosion is a severe problem of hydrothermolytical oxidation, corrosion control deserves close attention in the course of further development. The presented process offers the possibility to use common reactor materials e.g. high-grade steel 1.4541 or in selected applications even carbon steel St 1203. If calciumborate as corrosion inhibitor is used special alloys like hastelloy or inconel are not absolutly necessary for wet oxidation in presence of chloride-ions. 

In certain cases, when the selected substrate appears unsuitable to Mannich reaction as it undergoes a hardly controllable reaction giving unacceptably contaminated products, or when its reactivity is unsufficient, the results can be improved by appropriately modifying or, respectively, activating the substrate itself. Thus, the Mannich bases of phosphorous acid (2, Fig. useful as herbicides and corrosion inhibitors, are better... 

What are the selection criteria for a chemical substance to be used as a corrosion inhibitor in a CMP process ... 

Copper CMP process is a very delicate balance between selective copper removal at the protruded area and targeted copper surface protection at the recessed area. To enhance the removal, an oxidizer and a complexing agent are commonly used in the copper CMP slurry in addition to the mechanical force provided by the abrasive particles and the pad. To protect the copper in the recessed area or avoid isotropic dissolution of copper, a corrosion inhibitor such as benzotriazole (BTA) is usually added to the slurry. BTA is very effective in protecting the copper surface from the corrosive attack. On the... 

Besides their biological activity, some other important industrial applications of triazoles and benzotriazoles are known, including dyestuffs, fluorescent compounds, optical bright-eners, corrosion inhibitors, photostabilizers and agrochemicals. Some selected applications are described in the following sections. 

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