Composition. Utilization

Composites Utilizing Acetic Anhydride Modified Wood... 

DeVincent, S.M. (1991). Development of graphite/copper composites utilizing engineered interfaces. NASA CR-187143. 

The material aid and cooperation of the Shell Oil Co., in support of this research program is gratefully acknowledged. The authors would also like to express their appreciation to A. M. Boyce, L. A. Riehl, and other members of the staff of the Citrus Experiment Station, Riverside, Calif., for their active support and cooperation in the program. Thanks are also due to M. R. Fenske and R. W. Schiessler of the Pennsylvania State College for their advice and guidance in the preparation of the hydrocarbon compositions utilized in this work. 

Co-continuous polymer blends of 50/50 polyamide6/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (PA6/ABS) involving multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were prepared by melt mixing technique in order to develop conducting composites utilizing the concept of double-percolation. To control the dispersion and to selectively restrict MWNTs in the PA6 phase of the blends, MWNTs were pre-treated with two modifiers which differ in their molecular length scales and... 

Additional catalyst compositions utilizing di-t-butyl- and di(2-norbonyl)-phosphine as the phosphine component and titanium tetrabutylrate as the Lewis acid are described by the author [1] in an earlier investigation. 

Another area where emulsion polymers have found broad acc tance is in the bonding of fibers. These fibers can all he of the same material, as in nonwoven-type structures or of different materials, such as in the woven and nonwoven composites utilized in tufted carpets. Optimized deposition of the polmer at fiber intersections rather than overall fiber coating and in some instances the copious use of inert fillers represent the art involved in developing properties at minimum cost. 

Composites utilizing cellulose fibers have been prepared with many different materials, especially polymers. It has been well demonstrated that these fibers help to alter and in general enhance the physical properties of polymeric composites [140, 149-157]. Additionally, their bio-degradability and biocompatibility enables cellulose-reinforced materials to be suitable for bio-scaffolding in medical applications, if the polymeric component is also biocompatible [140, 158]. Some surface modifications have been performed on cellulose to add selected characteristics, such as antimicrobial properties to polymeric matrixes [140,159]. 

High cohesion and adhesion bond strength to corroded metals, high water resistance, low levels of interior stress, and glue line resistance to vibration stresses are basic requirements for polymer composites utilized for these operations. To achieve these goals, a polymer mixture featuring interpenetrating polymer networks has been used. The... 

In terms of fiber architecture, the most mature composites utilize Nextel fibers in the woven form and usually in an 8 harness-satin weave, although other weaving patterns are available (i.e. plain weave). The woven fabric enables easy handling of the fiber and is formable to more complex shapes. Alternately, fiber tows can be utilized by forming... 

Polefka, in a patent assigned to Colgate, utilized cocamidopropyl betaine as a cationic-compatible surfactant in the preparation of another anti-plaque composition utilizing bisbiguanide as an antimicrobial active (115). Similar plaque control claims are made by Michaels, who describes a composition based on a blend of Cio-Cig alkyl A-sulfobetaine and Cio-Cig alkyl A,A-dihydroxylethylamine oxide (116). 

As already mentioned, the majority of compositions utilized for radiation-curable pressure-sensitive adhesives have contained acrylates in the form of monomers... 

As an example, the separation of a mixture of three polymers, PS, poly-n-butyl methacrylate and their copolymer, is shown in Figure 5.12. The slice from system 1 was injected into system 2, and the molecules in the slice were separated according to their composition. The effect of n-heptane content in the THF was critical. When the n-heptane content was 63.8%, three components, PBMA, P(S-MMA) and PS, were completely separated in this order, although PBMA and P(S-MMA) were not separated if the n-heptane content was 60%. These molecules have the same hydrodynamic volume in THF, but a different composition. A dynamic method of calibrating for composition utilizing a rapid scanning UV detector was developed and... 

Polymer Composites Utilizing Waste Fibers as Reinforcement... 

Fujioka J et al, A new process for manufacturing advanced carbon-carbon composites utilizing hot isostatic pressing, P Japan International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition, 1160, Nov 28-Dec 1 1989. 

It should be noted that there is not simply an addition of thermotropic LCPs into fiber-reinforced plastics to get in situ hybrid composites. Bafna et al. used glass fibers to decrease the anisotropy of LCP fibril-reinforced polyetherimide [136]. He et al. improved the processability and mechanical performances of glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene by the addition of LCPs [159]. However, these two works did not actively and purposely generate a reinforced composite with the reinforcements having their diameters at two orders of magnitude. The key point for in situ hybrid composites is the formation of LCP fibrils in the material system. As a combination of in situ composite and hybrid fiber reinforcing, the fabrication of in situ hybrid composites utilizes fabrication... 

Majority of the previous works on PALF and PALF-reinforced composites utilized fine bundles with diameters less than 100 pm. Mohamed et al. differentiated large vascular bundles and fine strands and determined that the former had a mean diameter of 241.9 pm and was less varying, while the latter had a mean diameter of 72.7 pm and a larger diameter variation as confirmed by visual observation (Mohamed et al. 2010a). They observed that PALF vascular bundles were present and extracted in one lamina, while fine fiber strands were present in a few bottom layers. The diameters of fine fiber strands were decreasing toward the bottom face of the leaf. 

One of the most important focus areas of research in the development of natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites is characterisation of the fiber-matrix interface, since the interface alone can have a significant impact on the mechanical performance of the resulting composite materials, in terms of the strength and toughness. The properties of all heterogeneous materials are determined by component properties, composition, structure and interfacial interactions [62]. There have been a variety of methods used to characterize interfacial properties in natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites, however, the exact mechanism of the interaction between the natural fiber and the polymeric matrix has not been clearly studied on a fundamental level and is presently the major drawback for widespread utilization of such materials. The extent of interfacial adhesion in natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites utilizing PLA as the polymer matrix has been the subject of several recent investigations, hence the focus in this section will be on PLA-based natural fiber composites. 

Gao J F, Yan D X, Yuan B, Huang H D and Li Z M (2010) Large-scale fabrication and electrical properties of an anisotropic conductive polymer composite utilizing preferable location of carbon nanotubes in a polymer blend, Compos Sci Technol 70 1973-1979. 

Epoxy-paper-clad, wood-core composite utilizing a bonding agent with lubricating properties... 

As compared to the intersection ratio of M6 2.33. In the stepwise calculation, the ratio of the key components in the feed plate was 2.08 and 2.31 on the plate above. Thus the feed-plate composition utilized agrees with Eq. (9-12) satisfactorily. 

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