Corrected Effective Temperature index

Corrected Effective Temperature index (CET) can be obtained from a chart and can take into account work rate and clothing. 

GET (Corrected Effective Temperature) Index developed by ASHRAE/KSU (The American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Aireonditioning Engineers and Kansas State University). 

Corrected effective temperature An empirical comfort index that uses the dry bulb, wet bulb, and globe temperatures and the relative air velocity in a space. 

MJ M/D = ME per kg of DM of the diet. Specific multipliers are used for several non-dairy breeds. 15% increase for males. Considered only for heifers (CNCPS and NRC) and beef females (INRA). Considered only for heifers. Based on a current month s effective temperature index. Corrections factors are included in total requirements to account for the effect of the feeding level on diet digestibility. Values are increased for all but dairy breeds. A value equal to 0.09 MEI is added to ME for maintenance. 

Attention should be paid to possible problems in the measurement of fluorescence quantum yields (some of which are discussed Section 6.1.5) inner filter effects, possible wavelength effects on Op, refractive index corrections, polarization effects, temperature effects, impurity effects, photochemical instability and Raman scattering. 

An application of continuum solvation calculations that has not been extensively studied is the effect of temperature. A straightforward way to determine the solvation free energy at different temperatures is to use the known temperature dependence of the solvent properties (dielectric constant, ionization potential, refractive index, and density of the solvent) and do an ab initio solvation calculation at each temperature. Elcock and McCammon (1997) studied the solvation of amino acids in water from 5 to 100°C and found that the scale factor a should increase with temperature to describe correctly the temperature dependence of the solvation free energy. Tawa and Pratt (1995) examined the equilibrium ionization of liquid water and drew similar conclusions. An alternative way to study temperature effect is through the enthalpy of solvation. The temperature dependence of is related to the partial molar excess enthalpy at infinite dilution,... 

The refractive power is a value which attempts to correct the effects of temperature, pressure, and concentration of the substance, all of which cause the refractive index, n, to vary with the slightest alteration of the conditions. The most accurate expression for the refmctive power is that of Lorenz and Lorentz, which is... 

The interstellar extinction has a great effect on distance determination for stars. The B/V index derived in Chapter 2 will be distorted by the presence of interstellar dust, with an amount of radiation in the blue part of the spectrum removed. The difference between the observed colour index and the colour index on which it should have based its temperature is called the colour excess. We defined m to be the measured apparent magnitude, which must now be corrected by an amount Av and added to the distance modulus equation ... 

Just like refractive index, the °Brix scale is quite dependent on the temperature. Manual Abbe refractometers do not compensate for this temperature effect. Special correlation tables are used to adjust the readings to a standard temperature, 20°C. Digital refractometers, on the other hand, can operate over a fairly wide range of sample temperatures (+15 to +40°C) and automatically apply these temperature corrections. See Workplace Scene 15.2. 

This correction seems not to be able to resolve the problem of temperature dependence of AH° and AS°. However, AC°p is typically small and its effect on AH° and AS° tend to compensate each other. For this reason, in much estimation for thermochemical values at elevated temperatures, the values for 298.15° K are used. The index for AH° and AS° indicating the temperature is not necessary when T = 298.15° K. 

Geometric Optics Results with Emission. When the temperature of a semitransparent layer is large, emission of radiation becomes significant, and the problem of radiative transfer becomes more complex. The change in refractive index at each interface causes total internal reflection of radiation in the medium with higher refractive index at the boundary. This effect must be treated in the RTE at the boundary of the medium, and diffuse boundary conditions are no longer correct for the exact solution of this type of problem. Various approaches have been attempted. 

Fluorescence decay of 9-methylanthracene has been used by Tan and Treloar to study the coiling of poly(methacrylic acid) in water. Hara and Ware have studied the influence of solvent on the radiative probablity from the i state of pyrene. The fraction of fluorescence in the 0-0 parallels the extinction coefficient change for the 0-0 band. The Ham band also decreased with temperature, an effect correlated with the decrease in dielectric constant with temperature. There is also evidence that a solvent-solute interaction is involved in Ham band effects in alcohols and aromatic solvents. Use of the integrating sphere eliminates any uncertainty in the conventional instrumental refractive index correction. Some of the data obtained is given in Table 4. 

The refractive index is not only sensitive to bound mass, but also to small buffer changes, changes in salt concentration and temperature. The SPR signal is very sensitive to temperature, so to avoid problems due to temperature effects, the equipment must be well thermostatted. So-called bulk effects, due to changes in buffer, the presence of proteins, etc., are observed as sudden jumps in the SPR signal upon injection of the solution onto the sensor surface. Correction for bulk effects can be achieved by simultaneous exposure of solutions to a control surface on which no immobilized ligand is present. 

The melt index itself is not a material property like temperature or viscosity, but a machine dependent index. This is because the die is short relative to its length (8 mm long and 2.1 mm in diameter), with an L/D < 4. Typical L/D values for capillary rheometers are greater than 15. As a result, the melt index results are heavily influenced by entrance and exit effects at the die (see the section on the Bagley correction) that cannot be exactly duplicated on anything other than another melt indexer. While it is possible to calculate a viscosity from the flow data generated by the melt indexer, the entrance and exit effects also negatively influence its accuracy. 

Many relatively slow or static methods have been used to measure Fg. These include techniques for determining the density or specific volume of the polymer as a function of temperature (cf. Fig. 11-1) as well as measurements of refractive index, elastic modulus, and other properties. Differential thermal analysis and differential scanning calorimetry are widely used for this purpose at present, with simple extrapolative corrections for the effects of heating or cooling rales on the observed values of Fg. These two methods reflect the changes in specific heat of the polymer at the glass-to-rubber transition. Dynamic mechanical measurements, which are described in Section 11.5, are also widely employed for locating Fg. 

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