Corpora cardiaca

Cereulide from Bacillus cereus human plasma proteome abiotic stress-tolerant (Mandolina) and an abiotic stress-susceptible (Jubilant) barley cultivar neuropeptides from isolated locust corpora cardiaca ... 

Huybrechts, J., De Loof, A., and Schools, L., Melatonin-induced neuropeptide release from isolated locust corpora cardiaca. Peptides 26(1), 73-80, 2005. 

Hollander A. L. and Yin C.-M. (1985) Lack of humoral control in calling and pheromone release by brain, corpora cardiaca, corpora allata and ovaries of the female gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.). J. Insect Physiol. 31, 159-163. 

Park Y. I. and Ramaswamy S. B. (1998) Role of brain, ventral nerve cord and corpora cardiaca-corpora allata complex in the reproductive behavior of female tobacco budworm (Lepidoptera Noctuidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 91, 329-334. 

Much interest has been shown in the biosynthesis of insect juvenile hormones (62 R1, R2 = Me or Et). In adult male moths, [l-14C]propionate was specifically incorporated into juvenile hormone I [JH-1, (62 R1 = R2 = Et)], and tracer was only found at, and equally distributed between, C-7 and C-ll.90 Application of [2-14C]-and [3-14C]-propionate led to extensive randomization of label, which suggests that C-2 and C-3 formed in propionate catabolism can be re-used as smaller fragments, whilst C-l is either removed from propionate in a metabolically active form or is highly diluted. Ternary complexes of brain, corpora cardiaca, and corpora allata from the tobacco budworm Heliothis virescens produced labelled JH-I and JH-II (62 R1 = Et, R2 = Me) when incubated with L-[Me-14C]methionine or sodium [l-l4C]propionate.91 Partial degradation of the juvenile hormones showed that in JH-I portions a and /3 (62) had incorporated one atom of tracer from each propionate, whereas fraction y was unlabelled, and in JH-II only fraction a was... 

The reason for this may be that there is now evidence to show that the corpora cardiaca (CC) secretes a peptide (12) which stimulates amino acid uptake by the gland. Furthermore, many attempts to demonstrate that JH is present in the pregnant tsetse have so far failed. Activity of the large sexual accessory gland of alla-tectomized Perlplaneta amerlcana is also inhibited iu vivo by 20-OHE 03). 

Mordue s group isolated and partially characterized a diuretic peptide from the corpora cardiaca (CC) of Locusta migratoria (4.) Batches of up to 150 CC were collected and extracted with 20% aqueous methanol. After centrifugation,... 

The considerable differences in tissue distribution of the AVP-like DH, as compared with the factors investigated by Morgan et ai. and Rafaeli et ai. from the corpora cardiaca is perplexing. It is possible that there may be a multiplicity of diuretic factors in the locust as has been reported for Aedes aegypti (1). 

Pheromone production in females of many species of moths is controlled by a hormone, the pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN). PBAN was isolated from Helicoverpa Heliothls ) zea and identified as a 33 amino acid peptide. Amidation of the C-terminus is important for the biological activity of this hormone. Oxidation of two Met residues at postitions 5 and 14 enhanced pheromonotropic activity of PBAN. Stability of PBAN in saline can be increased by the substitution of Nle for Met at positions 5 and 14. Biological activity is mostly associated with brain-suboesophageal ganglion and corpora cardiaca of both female and male moths. Terminal abdominal ganglion does not appear to be directly involved in the control of pheromone production. PBAN is slowly degraded in hemolymph. Future possibilities of research on PBAN are discussed. 

It was reported earlier that PBAN is produced in the SOG (i). Because of significant pheromonotropic activity associated with the corpora cardiaca-corpora allata (CC-CA) complex, it was speculated that PBAN may be released... 

Figure 5. Pheromonotropic activity associated with (1) brain-suboesophageal ganglion, (2) corpora cardiaca-corpora allata (3) thoracic ganglia (4) three anterior abdominal ganglia (5) terminal abdominal ganglion and...

Table II. Pheromonotropic activity asociated with the corpora cardiaca of female and male Helicoverpa zea adults...

The similarity of the crustacean blanching substance (Factor A) found in crustacean sinus glands and insect corpora cardiaca has been confirmed by the structural identification of a family of neuropeptides common to arthropods. The first identified member of this family is RPCH (red pigment concentrating hormone), an octapeptide (pGlu-Leu-Asn-Phe-Ser-Pro-Gly-Trp-amide) isolated from eyestalks of the shrimp Pandalus borealis (28). Shortly thereafter, a related peptide--designated as adipokinetic hormone (AKH)--was purified from locust... 

PDF could not be detected in corpora cardiaca, subesophageal ganglia, thoracic nerve cord, and abdominal nerve cord. The optic ganglia are the richest source of PDF, the content in the brain being about 10-fold lower. This quantitative distribution is in concert with the finding of PDH immunoreactive cells in the optic lobes of Romalea (58). There was no significant sex-related difference in PDF content in the tissues examined (Table II). ... 

Corpora cardiaca Subesophageal ganglia Thoracic nerve cord Abdominal nerve cord... 

The distribution of PDF is different from that of AKHs. The latter are present in high quantities in the corpora cardiaca--e.g., 450-1200 pmol per locust corpora cardiacum (64, 65)--and at a much lower level in the brain (64). 

Short-Term Modulation - allatotropic and allatostatic - is superimposed on the basal activities of developmentally mature CA. Locust cerebral allatotropin was first demonstrated in vitro in methanolic brain and corpora cardiaca (CC) extracts (14.15) and allatotropin I was later partially purified and characterized (16). Allatotropin I is found in high concentrations in the brain, where it is presumably synthesized, and in corpora cardiaca (CC) to where it is presumably transported and released as required. The exact location of allatotropin synthesis in the brain is still unknown. Ovarian allatostatin rapidly depresses allatotropin-stimulated JH synthesis (17). This allatostatic factor is methanol soluble and... 

Figure 2. A pair of corpora allata (CA) and corpora cardiaca (CC) shows immunoreactivity to allatostatin 1 antibodies in a nerve descending from the brain through the CC to the CA. Glands from a day 1 last instar female larva X 215.

Interest in octopamine receptors has grown with the discovery that a novel group of pesticides, the formamidines, are octopamine agonists (95). Thus chlordimeform (CDM) or demethylchlordimeform (DCDM) are able to activate octopamine receptors in firefly lantern (95,96), tobacco hornworm central nervous system (88), locust skeletal muscle (97), locust oviduct muscle (91,), locust corpora cardiaca (98), locust fat body (99). and cockroach haemocytes (39). 

Recent studies have demonstrated that a given hormone may have multiple effects. For example, for over 20 years we have known that factors existed in the corpora cardiaca of cockroaches that affected the heartbeat rate and trehalose levels of the hemolymph. Only with the isolation-characterization of the two AKH/HTH factors from the corpora cardiaca of americana did we find that the heartbeat and carbohydrate regulations are performed by identical factors (6-8) Finally, we have found in my laboratory that the HTH of the... 

The endocrine organs of insects are of two types neurosecretory cells within the nervous system and specialized endocrine glands, such as the corpora allata, the corpora cardiaca, and the pro thoracic glands. Corpora cardiaca are a pair of organs closely associated with the main vessel (aorta). Corpora allata and the pro thoracic glands are more diffuse glandular bodies. 

Molting, which is defined as the shedding of an outer covering as part of a periodic process of growth, is central to the development of insects. Release of ecdysteroids, or molting hormones, from the prothoracic glands is controlled by a neuropeptide called the prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) produced by neurosecretory cells and released by corpora cardiaca. 

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